试析冷战后日本政治决策机制的演变及影响--安倍政权的调整和重塑  

The Changes of Japan’s Political Decision-making Mechanism after the End of Cold War:Focusing on Abe’s Long-term Administration

作　　者：孟明铭 吴怀中[1] MENG Mingming;WU Huaizhong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所

出　　处：《东北亚学刊》2020年第6期96-108,150,共14页Journal of Northeast Asia Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程项目“日本政治体制转型与政局变动研究”(项目编号:GJ08_2017_SCX_3563)阶段性成果

摘　　要：随着国际国内形势的变化,冷战后日本政治决策机制发生了深刻变化。决策机制内部各决策主体--首相、政党和行政官僚的关系格局出现明显变化。由此前"1955体制"下首相相对弱势、政党和行政官僚"自下而上"主导决策的局面,逆转为首相主导、后两者翼从合作的状态。在这一转变过程中,包括安倍晋三在内的数届内阁的政治改革发挥了主要作用。尤其是安倍晋三长期执政时期,在决策制度、决策流程和个人决策风格三个方面,对政治决策机制进行了关键调整和重塑。在后安倍时代,影响政治决策机制演变趋势的内外部因素未出现根本变化,首相主导在短中期内仍是其主要特征,但也存在着引发政局不稳的隐患。With the changes both in the international and domestic situation,Japan’s political decision-making mechanism has also undergone profound changes since the end of Cold War.There have been some noticeable changes in the pattern of relations among decision-making bodies within the decision-making process involving the prime minister,political parties and bureaucrats.The previous situation where the prime minister was relatively weak and the political parties and bureaucrats domi-?nated the decision-making situation under the " 1955 system" was reversed to the current situation that the prime minister led the parties and bureaucrats.During that process,the political reforms conducted by several administrations including the Abe administration have played a major role.Especially the Abe administration has made some key adjustments in reshaping of the political decision-making mechanism in three aspects such as the decision-making system,the decision-making process and the personal decision-making style.In the post-Abe era,the internal and external factors affecting the political decision-making mechanism remain unchanged fundamentally.The prime minister’ s leadership will be still its major feature,however,there are also some uncertainty that may cause political instability.

关 键 词：日本政治 决策机制 日本自民党安倍改革 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学]