影响人工湿地污水净化效果的因素综述  

Review of Factors Affecting Purification Effect of Constructed Wetland Sewage

作　　者：赵佳浩 栗敏杰 范逸婷 李鹏涛 高腾云[1] ZHAO Jia-hao;LI Min-jie;FAN Yi-ting;LI Peng-tao;GAO Teng-yun(Collage of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学牧医工程学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2020年第11期119-124,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：中南地区奶牛粪尿及特性产生系数和主要水污染物排放系数监测(2018)。

摘　　要：人工湿地作为一种污水净化技术,不但能够对污水进行有效的深度处理,而且成本较低、管理也相对简单,在污水净化方面有很好的应用前景。从湿地植物、湿地微生物和人工湿地设计参数等3个方面对影响人工湿地污水净化的效果进行了综述。不同种类湿地植物的根系泌氧能力、根系分泌物种类和所产生的化感物质的种类、数量及功能均不同,因此对污水净化能力亦不同;湿地微生物能有效降解污水中有机大分子物质和氮磷等污染物,但其多样性和丰度受基质结构、不同植物组合和碳源等多种因素的影响;湿地构型、进水浓度、水力负荷和水力停留时间等基础设计参数在一定程度上决定了湿地系统的净化能力。此外,还展望了人工湿地污水净化技术需要进一步研究的内容,以期提高人工湿地净化畜牧业污水的技术经济效果。As a kind of sewage purification technology,the constructed wetland not only can carry out effective treatment of sewage,but also has the advantages of lower cost and simple management,and has a good prospect in sewage purification.The effects of wetland plants,wetland microorganisms and constructed wetland design parameters on the purification effectiveness of constructed wetland sewage were reviewed.Different types of wetland plants had different root oxygen secretion capacity,root exudate types and allelopathy substances produced in different types,quantities,and functions,so they had different sewage purification capabilities.Wetland microorganisms could effectively degrade pollutants such as organic macromolecules and nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage,but their diversity and abundance were affected by various factors such as matrix structure,different plant combinations and carbon sources.The basic design parameters such as wetland configuration,influent concentration,hydraulic load and hydraulic residence time determined the purification capacity of the wetland system to a certain extent.In addition,the further research contents of the constructed wetland sewage purification technology were prospected in order to improve the technical and economic effect of the constructed wetland purification of livestock wastewater.

关 键 词：人工湿地 污水净化 微生物 影响因素 

分 类 号：S156.8[农业科学—土壤学]