传统时代的经济行为与技术路径——以清代剥运及其对漕船形制的塑造为中心  

Economic Behavior and Technological Path in the Traditional Times:Focusing on the Transport of Water Vessel and Control of the Vessel Size in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘仲华[1] LIU Zhong-hua(Institute of History,Beijing Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院历史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《安徽史学》2020年第6期5-12,共8页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：北京市社科基金重点项目“清代国家与京畿区域互动研究”(16LSA001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在传统社会中,技术的发展方向往往与国家的经济社会体系密切相关。古代中国作为传统的陆地内向型农业社会,以内河航运为主的适用性需求极大地塑造了中国传统造船技术及其发展方向。在清代支撑国家资源调配和经济安全保障的漕运制度下,漕船日趋轻型化和小型化。加之远洋航行的需求不足,水师海船也往往以沿海缉盗为主,同样限制了造船技术的发展。The direction of technology development was closely related to the national economic and social system in traditional society.As a traditional land oriented agricultural society in ancient China,the applicability of inland river shipping had greatly shaped the traditional shipbuilding technology and development direction.Especially in the Qing Dynasty,under the water transport system which supported national resource allocation and economic security,the vessel became lighter and miniaturized.In addition,the demand for oceangoing voyages was insufficient.The navy ships were also mainly coastal pirates,which also restricted the development of shipbuilding technology.

关 键 词：漕运 内河航运 造船技术 国家制度 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]