清代造纸业的小商品经济——以江西铅山县为中心  

The Petty Commodity Economy of Paper Industry in the Qing Dynasty:An analysis on Yanshan County of Jiangxi Province

作　　者：廖涵[1] LIAO Han(Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院,重庆400044

出　　处：《安徽史学》2020年第6期30-37,共8页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目“民国闽西宁化的乡族与新政(1935—1949)”(2017CDJSK47YJ03)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：小商品经济是一种异于家庭副业和手工工场的生产组织形式。从清代江西造纸作坊的经营方式看,槽户以造纸为家庭主业并组织生产,男性主事造纸,女性主事纺织,必要时女性辅助造纸生产。经营普通的造纸作坊,需要两三个以上的精壮劳动力,通过购买竹丝,完成打浆、抄纸等造纸工序。经槽户售卖或商贩收买,纸张汇集于附近的市镇,再行销各地,从而卷入全国性的商品市场。在明中叶以降的商品化浪潮中,小商品经济是南方山区手工业日益重要的生产组织形式,揭示其内部情形,有助于深化明清社会经济史研究。The petty commodity economy was one form of production organizations which different from the household sideline and the manual workshop in the Qing Dynasty.From the managing way adopted by workshops in Yanshan County,we could find the following characteristics:the individual workshop managers(槽户)organized manufacturing and paper-manufacturing was the main occupation for each family.While the males from each family conducted paper-manufacturing,the females conducted the weaving and offered help to the males.To run a paper workshop,at least three energetic laborers were needed to purchasing bamboo filamentary,pounding the bamboo filamentary into pulp(打浆),and turning the pulp into paper(抄纸).The individual workshop managers sold the finished paper to the dealers,through whom the paper was collected in local markets,then further transacted and sold over various areas,thus entering the market of the Empire.After the economic commercialization tide since the middle of Ming Dynasty,the petty commodity economy had been the main form of production organization in the south China hilly areas in the Qing Dynasty,revealing its internal situation can be helpful to deepen the study of social and economic history in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

关 键 词：小商品经济 造纸业 江西铅山 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]