语义理据对选取异形词推荐词形的重要性——以“毕恭毕敬—必恭必敬”“翔实—详实”为例  

Importance of Semantic Motivation in Selecting Recommended Word Variants:With毕恭毕敬-必恭必敬and翔实-详实as Examples

作　　者：谭景春[1] Tan Jingchun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所/中国社会科学院辞书编纂研究中心,北京100732

出　　处：《辞书研究》2020年第6期1-8,I0001,共9页Lexicographical Studies

基　　金：国家语委“十三五”科研规划2019年度一般项目“异形词规范化研究”(项目编号YB135-110)的资助。

摘　　要：文章通过“毕恭毕敬—必恭必敬”和“翔实—详实”两组异形词的词频走势说明:词频是容易观察到的表面现象,其背后是有理据的,其中最重要的就是语义理据,即语素义与词义相吻合。因为形式和意义紧密相关或相一致的才易于理解和记忆,符合人们的认知规律。所以选取异形词推荐词形,应该优先考虑语义理据。只有在有其他充分理由时再做其他变通处理。Based on the use frequency of two groups of word variants毕恭毕敬—必恭必敬and翔实—详实,this article argues that behind the easily observable use frequency there exists some motivations,the most important of which is the semantic motivation,i.e.the match between the morphemic meaning and lexical meaning.Only variants that are closely related or consistent with each other in form and meaning are understood and remembered,because these words conform to the cognitive rules of people.Therefore,in selecting recommended word variants,we should prioritize the semantic motivation and other changes should be made only with sufficient reasons.

关 键 词：异形词 语源理据 语义理据 推荐词形 非推荐词形 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]