天水小陇山红豆杉群落特征的生态学意义  

Ecological Significance of Community Characteristics of Taxus chinensis in Xiaolongshan Mountains of Tianshui

作　　者：张国强 巨天珍[1] 刘文桢 裴洁 张永佳 马超[1] ZHANG Guo-qiang;JU Tian-zhen;LIU Wen-zhen;PEI Jie;ZHANG Yong-jia;MA Chao(College of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Forestry Research Institute of Xiaolong Mountains Forestry Experimental Bureau,Tianshui 741018,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所,甘肃天水741018

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2020年第5期184-190,共7页Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500907);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(17YF1FA120);兰州市科技计划项目(2017-RC-69)。

摘　　要：[目的]红豆杉属植物对生境条件要求较严格,对外界环境变化和人为干扰较为敏感。研究其群落特征和生态位特征对了解群落动态和生境变化有重要意义。[方法]基于野外采样调查,对小陇山林区红豆杉群落的种属组成、数量、生活型谱和主要种群的生态位特征进行了研究。[结果]1.组成红豆杉林的植物共有64种,隶属于33科47属。乔木层的优势科为红豆杉科,灌木层的优势科为蔷薇科,草本层为莎草科;红豆杉群落物种多度分布呈倒J型;红豆杉群落生活型谱表现为地上芽植物>高位芽植物>地面芽植物>地下芽植物>一年生植物;2.红豆杉群落乔木层生态位宽度依次为红豆杉>油松>栓皮栎>毛栗子>侧柏>青檀;红豆杉与其他种群之间重叠值小于伴生种之间的重叠值;红豆杉林各种群之间的生态位相似性比值Cih大于0.9的有16对,占57.15%,在0.7~0.8之间有9对,占32.14%,0.6~0.7之间有3对,占10.71%。人工红豆杉林油松对红豆杉的干扰程度较青檀大。[Objective] To study the community characteristics and niche of Taxus chinensis for the purpose of understanding the community dynamics and habitat changes. [Method] Based on field sampling survey, the composition, quantity, life form spectrum and niche characteristics of the main T. chinensis community in Xiaolongshan Mountains were studied. [Result](1) There were 64 species belonging to 33 families and 47 genera in the T. chinensis community. The dominant families of arbor layer, shrub layer and herb layer were Taxus, Rosaceae and Cyperaceae respectively;The species abundance distribution of the community followed an inverted J type, and the lifeform spectrum of the community showed that the above-ground bud plants>higher bud plants>ground bud plants>underground bud plants>annual plants;(2) The niche breadth of the tree layer of T. chinensis community was sequentially: Taxus chinensis > Pinus tabulaeformis > Quercus variabilis > Castanea mollissima > Platycladus orientalis >Pterocarpus indicus;The overlap value between T. chinensis and other populations was smaller than that among the companion species;the niche similarity ratio Cih greater than 0.9 among various populations of T. chinensis forests was 16 pairs, accounting for 57.15%. There were 9 pairs of Cih between 0.7-0.8, accounting for 32.14%;and 3 pairs between 0.6-0.7, accounting for 10.71%. From the viewpoint of disturbance to T. chinensis plantation, Pinus tabulaeformis was more obvious than Pterocarpus tatarinowii.

关 键 词：红豆杉 生态位 生活型谱 小陇山 秦岭 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]