规模化奶牛养殖场犊牛梭菌性肠炎的诱发因素和防制  

Precipitating Factors and Control of Clostridial Enteritis in Calves in a Large-scale Dairy Farm

作　　者：候子栋 祖新政 翁业斌[1] 葛建军[1] 吴建勇[2] HOU Zi-dong;ZU Xin-zheng;WENG Ye-bin;GE Jian-jun;WU Jian-yong(Xinjiang Hutubi Cattle Farm Co.,Ltd.Hutubi Xinjiang831100,China;Institute of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences,Urumqi830001,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆呼图壁种牛场有限公司,新疆呼图壁县831100 [2]新疆畜牧科学院兽医研究所,乌鲁木齐830013

出　　处：《草食家畜》2020年第6期32-36,共5页Grass-Feeding Livestock

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-36)。

摘　　要：犊牛梭菌性肠炎是肠道中A型和C型产气荚膜梭菌大量繁殖、释放α、β毒素造成。本文分析千头规模奶牛养殖场近十年的犊牛梭菌性肠炎诊疗记录,发现该病发生没有明显的季节性,年发生率1%~2.5%,发病犊牛多集中在8~60日龄,治疗状态下病程多为2~6 d,共同症状是排暗红色或鲜红的恶臭粥样粪便,病死率接近100%。结合相关研究报道,确定外界环境突变、饲养管理失误等造成的应激和滥用抗生素是该病的主要诱因,故建议规模化养殖场在生产实践中应严格遵循预防性使用抗菌药物的原则,在控制犊牛腹泻治疗中规范使用抗菌药物,以减少该病的发生;同时,建议对干奶期的成母牛进行羊用梭菌三联四防疫苗的免疫,并同步做好新生牛的初乳管理。该实践总结将为在规模化奶牛养殖场工作的临床兽医提供参考。Clostridial enteritis in calves is caused by theαandβtoxins released by Clostridium perfringens type A and C of which the proliferation is explosive in intestine.Here,the diagnosis and treatment records of clostridial enteritis in a large-scale dairy farm with over 1000 cattle in recent ten years were analyzed,and the results showed that there was no obvious seasonal characteristics in the occurrence of clostridial enteritis,the annual incidence was 1%to 2.5%and most of the infected calves were at the age of 8 to 60 days old.Furthermore,the duration of the disease was 2 to 6 days under treatment and the common symptoms were dark red or bright red malodorous atherosclerotic feces,and at last the mortality was close to 100%.Combining with relevant research reports,it was determined that stress caused by abrupt changes of external environment,mismanagement of feeding and so on,and abuse of antibiotics were the main causes of the disease.It was suggested that large-scale farms should strictly follow the principle of preventive use of antibacterial drugs and standardize the use of antibacterial drugs in the treatment of calf diarrhea to reduce the occurrence of the disease.Meanwhile,the adult cows in the dry period should be immunized with Clostridium vaccine(combined ovine/caprine braxy,struck,lamb dysentery and enterotoxaemia vaccine inactivated),and the colostrum management of newborn cows should be carried out synchronously.The summary of production practices would provide some reference for clinical veterinarians working in large-scale dairy farms.

关 键 词：梭菌性肠炎 产气荚膜梭菌 规模化奶牛养殖场 犊牛 疫病防治 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]