封育在新疆蒿类荒漠草地植被及土壤恢复中的作用  

The Role of Enclosure in Vegetation and Soil Restoration of Degraded Grassland in Xinjiang

作　　者：李超锋 董乙强 LI Chao-feng;DONG Yi-qiang(Xinjiang Ruixiang Agro-pastoral Engineering Consulting&Designing Institute Co.,Ltd.Urumqi830000,China;College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences of Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecological Autonomous Region in Xinjiang,Urumqi830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆瑞祥农牧工程咨询设计院有限公司,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆草地资源与生态自治区重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草食家畜》2020年第6期42-46,共5页Grass-Feeding Livestock

基　　金：新疆农业大学草学高峰学科开放课题“天山北坡蒿类荒漠植物多样性和土壤微生物多样性的研究”(CXGFXK-2019-01)。

摘　　要：新疆蒿类荒漠草地退化现象十分严重,超载过牧现象日益加剧,草地沙化面积逐年扩张,已严重危及到新疆的生态安全。退化蒿类荒漠草地适宜的封育年限仍然处于模糊不清阶段,亟需加强封育对新疆退化草地植被群落特征、多样性及土壤养分影响的归纳总结,进一步提升对新疆蒿类荒漠草地的理解。本文以蒿类荒漠草地为综述对象,从封育后植被群落结构特征、物种多样性以及土壤性质等方面进行分析,归纳总结当前蒿类荒漠草地封育后植被恢复现状,对未来蒿类荒漠草地最适封育年限有了初步断识。短期封育可以显著提高蒿类荒漠草地植被的高度、盖度、密度、生物量及植被多样性;长期封育虽不利于维持较高地上植被生物量和物种多样性,但土壤性质能得到较好改善,因此初步断定封育5~10 a为蒿类荒漠草地最适封育年限。在今后的研究中仍需通过更多实验站点、增加时间梯度,缩短时间节点来进一步确定蒿类荒漠草地的最佳封育年限。The degradation of desert grassland in Xinjiang is very serious.The phenomenon of over grazing is becoming more and more serious.The area of grassland desertification is expanding year by year,which has seriously endangered the ecological security of Xinjiang.The suitable closing period of degraded desert grassland in Xinjiang is still in the ambiguous stage,so it is necessary to strengthen the summary of closing effect on vegetation community characteristics,diversity and soil nutrients of degraded grassland in Xinjiang,so as to further improve the understanding of degraded desert grassland in Xinjiang.This paper takes Artemisia desert grassland as the review object,analyzes the structure characteristics of vegetation community,species diversity and soil properties after closure,summarizes the current situation of vegetation restoration after closure of Artemisia desert grassland,and preliminarily identifies the optimal closure period of Artemisia desert grassland in the future.Short-term closure can significantly improve the height,coverage,density,biomass and vegetation diversity of vegetation;Long-term closure is not conducive to the maintenance of vegetation biomass and species diversity on higher ground,but the soil properties can be better improved,so it is preliminarily concluded that 5-10 years of closure is the optimal closure period of Artemisia desert grassland.In the future,more experimental sites,more time gradients and shorter time nodes are needed to further determine the best closing period of Artemisia desert grassland.

关 键 词：封育 蒿类荒漠草地 植被恢复 植物多样性 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]