小型反应堆发展现状及推广分析  

Development Status and Promotion Analysis of Small Modular Reactors

作　　者：张浩[1] 王建建[1] Zhang Hao;Wang Jianjian(Huaneng Shandong Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd.,Weihai Shandong 264312)

机构地区：[1]华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司,山东威海264312

出　　处：《中外能源》2020年第10期26-30,共5页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：小型反应堆因模块化建造、建造周期短、安全性能高、对电网要求不高、选址成本低、适应性强、多用途等优点,未来具有较为广阔的发展空间。按照技术路线的不同,小型反应堆大体可分为轻水反应堆、气冷反应堆、液态金属冷却反应堆、熔盐反应堆。目前全球有超过45个小堆的设计开发应用,美、俄、中、韩等国走在了小堆研发及商业化推广的前列。小型反应堆前期资金投入少,后续扩容可以通过"以堆养堆"的模式逐步投入建设资金,财务风险大幅降低。相比于大型反应堆,小型反应堆的系统设备大幅简化,运行维护成本较低。通过联合生产模式,小型反应堆还能提供各种非电力产品,最大限度地利用闲置的电力和热能。目前的小堆核电都处于初始阶段,其发展还受到现行法规标准、乏燃料管理、单位功率造价成本以及公众可接受性等因素的制约。应加快制定具有针对性的规范标准,研究出台相关税费优惠及补贴措施,同时加强核相关信息的宣传,消除公众的核恐惧心理。Small modular Reactor(SMR)has broad development space in the future due to its advantages such as modular construction,short construction period,high safety performance,low requirements for power grid,low site selection cost,high adaptability and multi-purpose.According to different technology routes,SMR can be roughly divided into light water reactor,gas-cooled reactor,liquid metal-cooled reactor and molten salt reactor.Up to now,more than 45 SMRs have been designed,developed and applied worldwide.The United States,Russia,China and South Korea are in the forefront of research,development and commercial promotion of SMR.The initial capital investment of SMR is low,and the construction funds can be gradually invested by operating the SMR to raise funds for subsequent expansion,thus greatly reducing the financial risk.Compared with large reactors,SMR is greatly simplified in systems and equipment,and has lower operation and maintenance cost.Through joint production model,SMR can also provide a variety of non-electric products to maximize the use of idle electricity and heat.Currently,small nuclear power reactors are in the initial stage,and its development is still restricted by factors such as current regulations and standards,spent fuel management,cost per unit power and public acceptability.It is necessary to speed up the formulation of targeted codes and standards,work out and introduce relevant tax incentives and subsidy measures,and strong then the publicity of nuclear-related information to eliminate the nuclear fear of the public.

关 键 词：小型反应堆 模块化 多用途 以堆养堆 乏燃料管理 法规标准 

分 类 号：TL411.7[核科学技术—核技术及应用]