生殖生长期干旱对不同耐旱型玉米自交系根系性状及产量的影响  

Effect of Drought on Root Morphological Traits and Yield of Different Drought-tolerant Maize Inbred Lines at Reproductive Growth Stage

作　　者：肖万欣[1] 王延波[1] 叶雨盛[1] 赵海岩[1] 刘晶[1] 隋阳辉[1] 王永军[2] 贾钰莹 XIAO Wan-xin;WANG Yan-bo;YE Yu-sheng;ZHAO Hai-yan;LIU Jing;SUI Yang-hui;WANG Yong-jun;JIA Yu-ying(Maize Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161;Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院玉米研究所,沈阳110161 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,长春130033

出　　处：《玉米科学》2020年第5期93-101,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300700);国家自然科学基金项目(31601262);玉米耐旱资源和品种筛选(2017YFD0300701-A01B)。

摘　　要：2016~2017年,在大田微区PVC管栽条件下,采用裂区试验设计,主区为玉米自交系,裂区为水分处理,测定根系形态、根冠生长配比和产量等指标。研究结果表明,与耐旱性较弱的玉米自交系CML58相比,耐旱性较强的玉米自交系黄早四在水分胁迫后有效气生根根夹角增大明显,其根数、根长和根表面积等形态指标降幅峰值均早于CML58,40 cm以下土层的根长、根表面积和根体积降幅明显小于CML58,且0~20 cm土层的根系生长冗余在乳熟期后显著少于CML58,其根冠干重比降幅、根冠长度比和根冠面积比均高于CML58,根冠角度比较CML58小39.4%。与CML58相比,黄早四水分胁迫后能较好地调控有效气生根角度,及时调控根冠纵横生长,维持根系主要分布区结构与功能,提高深层根系分布比,减少根系生长冗余,提高物质转化效率。This study was conducted by using PVC pipe in the field with the split block design,which split plot was inbred lines,the split plot was water treatments from 2016 to 2017.The root morphology traits,root-to-shoot growth ratio,and yield were measured.Compared with CML58,the root angle of available brace roots of Huangzaosi was increased obviously,the negative response time to water stress of the number of root,root length,root surface ar⁃ea and other root traits of Huangzaosi was earlier than that of CML58,which distribution ratio of root length,root sur⁃face area and the number of root tips was higher at 40-90 cm soil layer after water stress.Root growth redundancy of Huangzaosi was less than that of CML58,especially 0-20 cm soil layer after R3 stage.The ratio of total root length to plant height and total root surface area to plant leaf area of Huangzaosi was higher than that of CML58 under dif⁃ferent water treatments.However,the ratio of root dry weight to biomass and brace roots angle to leaf angle of Huang⁃zaosi was lower than that of CML58.Compared with CML58,Huangzaosi could regulate the growth angle of avail⁃able brace roots better under water stress,the matter transformation efficiency was enhanced by duly adjusting rootto-shoot growth from horizontal and vertical direction,maintaining the architecture and function of main distribution zone of the root,increasing root distribution ratio at deep soil layer and decreasing root growth redundancy.

关 键 词：玉米 自交系 水分胁迫 耐旱性 根系形态 根冠生长配比 粒重 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]