不同农艺运筹模式对玉米产量、养分吸收及群体光合特性的影响  

Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Spring Maize under Different Agronomic Management Conditions

作　　者：展文洁 刘剑钊[2] 梁尧[2] 袁静超[2] 张洪喜[2] 刘松涛 蔡红光[2] 任军[2] ZHAN Wen-jie;LIU Jian-zhao;LIANG Yao;YUAN Jing-chao;ZHANG Hong-xi;LIU Song-tao;CAI Hong-guang;REN Jun(Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Agricultural resources and Environment Institute,Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region MOA.,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学,长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,长春130033

出　　处：《玉米科学》2020年第5期155-161,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300602);吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2017ZD001);吉林省科技厅重点研发项目(20180201077NY);吉林省人才开发资金项目。

摘　　要：以先玉335为试验材料,对种植密度等农艺措施进行优化组合。试验设置农户栽培(CK)、优化管理模式1(Opt-1)、优化管理模式2(Opt-2)、优化管理模式3(Opt-3)4种农艺运筹模式,比较分析不同农艺运筹模式下玉米的产量及构成因素、干物质积累与分配、养分吸收利用特征及光合特性。结果表明,Opt-1、Opt-2、Opt-3处理两年的平均产量分别较对照提高了25.7%、48.9%、44.5%。Opt-1、Opt-2、Opt-3处理下群体生物量分别比CK处理增加9.5%、37.2%、16.3%。Opt-2处理氮肥用量为300 kg/hm2,比Opt-3处理高出33.3%,但其子粒养分积累量与Opt-3处理无显著差异,且其肥料偏生产力与CK处理无显著差异。Opt-3处理下开花期叶面积指数(LAI)较高且花后LAI下降速率减缓,净光合速率和气孔导度分别较CK增加22.0%和5.6%,且与Opt1处理差异显著。Opt-3处理种植密度增加到7.0万株/hm2,进一步增强了玉米叶片的光合性能。Using XY335 as test material,the agronomic measures were optimized.Four agricultural opera⁃tion and funding models were tested:Local agronomic cultivation(CK),Optimize management mode 1(Opt-1),Opti⁃mize management mode 2(Opt-2),Optimize management mode 3(Opt-3).To compare and analyze the yield and composition factors,dry matter accumulation and distribution,nutrient absorption and utilization characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of maize under different agronomic management modes.The results showed that the average yields of Opt-1,Opt-2,Opt-3 were 25.7%,48.9%,44.5%higher than the CK.The total dry weight of Opt-1,Opt-2,Opt-3 were 9.5%,37.2%,16.3%higher than the CK.Opt-2’s nitrogen content is 300kg/ha,33.3%high⁃er than Opt-3.However,there was no significant difference in grain nutrient accumulation between opt-3 treatment and opt-2 treatment,and there was no significant difference between its fertilizer partial productivity and CK treat⁃ment.Under Opt-3 treatment,leaf area index(LAI)at flowering stage was higher and LAI decline rate after flower⁃ing was slowed down.Net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were increased by 22.0%and 5.6%,respec⁃tively compared with CK.In addition,Opt-3 treatment increased the planting density to 7.0 million plants/ha,which further enhanced the photosynthetic performance of maize leaves.

关 键 词：春玉米 产量 光合效率 密度 养分管理 深松 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]