海洋贸易与北太平洋的早期全球化  

Martime Trade and the Early Globalization of the North Pacific

作　　者：王华[1] WANG Hua(Institute of History, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 102488, China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,北京102488

出　　处：《史学集刊》2020年第6期92-105,共14页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“美国太平洋商业扩张与太平洋国家身份建构研究(1783—1900)”(18BSS016);中国社会科学院大学卓越学者支持计划“近代太平洋贸易与‘太平洋世界’的形成”。

摘　　要：北太平洋被纳入近代世界经济体系,实现早期全球化,是国际贸易不断拓展影响的结果。马尼拉大帆船贸易最早开辟了西欧—拉美—中国之间的跨洋商业联系,北太平洋在其中主要体现为一条海洋贸易往返航线,而远非一个由频密的商贸网络支撑的整体经济区域。18世纪末至19世纪30年代,北太平洋上发展起了新的跨洋国际贸易——美国贸易商主导下的对华海洋动物毛皮贸易和檀香木贸易。两种贸易共同作用,最终开辟成直接联通北美西海岸和中国的北太平洋国际贸易商路,并与西欧—北美、西欧—东亚两条传统世界贸易线相衔接,形成新的三角或多角贸易,在此基础上初步开启了北太平洋地区经济一体化的进程。北太平洋的早期贸易全球化,更新和发展了全球贸易网络,并为自由贸易时代的到来和世界经济“去大西洋中心化”奠定了基础。The integration of the North Pacific into the modern world economic system and its early globalization was the result of the continuous expansion of international trade.The Manila Galleon was the first to open up the cross ocean commercial links between Western Europe,Latin America and China,in which the North Pacific Ocean was mainly reflected as a round-trip ocean trade route,far from being a complete economic region supported by frequent business networks.Form the late 18th century to the 1830s,a new cross ocean international trade was developed in the North Pacific Ocean,namely maritime fur trade and sandalwood trade with China led by American traders.The two kinds of trade worked together to form the North Pacific international trade routes which directly connected the west coast of North America and China,and combined with the two traditional world trade lines of Western Europe—North America and Western Europe—East Asia,forming a new triangle or multi-angle trade.On this basis,the process of economic integration in the North Pacific region was initially opened.The early trade globalization in the North Pacific updated and developed the global trade network,and laid the foundation for the coming of the free trade era and the“decentralization of the Atlantic Ocean”of the world economy.

关 键 词：毛皮贸易 檀香木贸易 海洋商路 北太平洋贸易网 全球化 

分 类 号：F75[经济管理—国际贸易]