不同氮、磷、钾用量对菊花生长及养分吸收和分配的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application amounts on the growth,nutrient absorption and distribution of chrysanthemum

作　　者：方馨妍 周杨 汪燕 管志勇[1] 陈素梅[1] 房伟民[1] 陈发棣[1] 赵爽[1] FANG Xinyan;ZHOU Yang;WANG Yan;GUAN Zhiyong;CHEN Sumei;FANG Weimin;CHEN Fadi;ZHAO Shuang(College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Landscaping,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院/农业农村部景观农业重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2020年第6期1015-1023,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001500);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(18)2020];江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019384);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYYJ201905)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究针对目前菊花生产中肥料过量施用问题,系统研究了氮、磷、钾不同用量对菊花生长、养分吸收分配以及基质速效养分含量变化的影响,筛选最适氮、磷、钾用量,以期为菊花优质高产及高效栽培提供科学依据。[方法]以菊花品种‘秦淮玉莲’为试验材料,设置单株氮用量为:200(N1)、400(N2)、600(N3)、800(N4)和1000 mg(N5),单株磷用量为80(P1)和120 mg(P2)以及单株钾用量为300(K1)和500 mg(K2),并从前期预备正交试验中筛选出5个处理,及对照与水溶肥处理,共7个处理,测定‘秦淮玉莲’各生育期生长指标、种植基质化学性质及各器官氮、磷、钾养分含量变化及吸收、分配规律。[结果]与对照相比,施用氮、磷、钾可显著提高‘秦淮玉莲’各生育期株高、茎粗、根鲜质量、茎鲜质量、叶鲜质量、根干质量等生长指标及鲜花品质指标,其中N2P1K2和N3P2K1处理的菊花各时期生长指标均明显高于其他处理。与速效磷和速效钾含量相比,切花菊栽培基质中铵态氮含量对氮肥的响应更显著,即氮肥的施入显著提高铵态氮含量;除水溶肥处理外,栽培基质中速效磷、速效钾含量平稳。随着氮、磷、钾的施入pH值逐渐升高,而电导率EC则相反。随着切花菊‘秦淮玉莲’的生长发育,根、茎、叶中的全氮含量呈先上升后降低的趋势,由大到小依次为叶、根、茎;全磷含量呈先上升后降低的趋势,其中根、茎、叶、花全磷含量无显著差异;全钾含量无明显变化规律,由大到小依次为叶、茎、根;在整个生育期,‘秦淮玉莲’植株中全钾含量最高,全氮次之,全磷最少,其中N2P1K2和N3P2K1处理后花中的全氮、全钾含量最高。[结论]综合考虑切花菊生长品质及氮、磷、钾养分的有效利用性,N2P1K2和N3P2K1处理为滴灌条件下菊花‘秦淮玉莲’氮、磷、钾最适用量水平。[Objectives]The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application amounts on the growth,nutrient absorption and distribution of chrysanthemum,and select the optimal treatment for providing scientific basis in terms of high-quality,high yield and efficient cultivation of chrysanthemum.[Methods]The chrysanthemum‘Qinhuaiyulian’was used as experiment material,different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application amounts were settled as:nitrogen application amount per plant was 200(N1),400(N2),600(N3),800(N4)and 1000 mg(N5),phosphorus per plant was designed as 80(P1)and 120 mg(P2),and potassium per plant was settled as 300(K1)and 500 mg(K2).There were 7 treatments in total,5 of them selected by the previous orthogonal experiment plus control and water-soluble fertilizer treatments.The growth index,the chemical properties of the planting substrate,and the total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content of different organs of‘Qinhuaiyulian’were determined.[Results]Compared with the CK,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application could significantly improve the plant height,stem diameter,fresh weight,flower quality and other agronomy indicators of‘Qinhuaiyulian’.The growth indexes of chrysanthemum treated with N2P1K2 and N3P2K1 were significantly higher than other treatments.The response of the content of ammonium nitrogen in the chrysanthemum planting substrate to nitrogen fertilizer was more significant compared with the content of available phosphorus and available potassium.With the increasing of nitrogen application amount,the content of ammonium nitrogen increased significantly.Except for the water-soluble fertilizer treatment,there were no significant differences between the available phosphorus and available potassium in the cultivation substrate.The pH value showed positive while electrical conductivity showed negative correlation with the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application.With the growing of plant,the content of total nitrogen in ro

关 键 词：切花菊 滴灌 氮 磷 钾 生长指标 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]