平安时代日本重阳节文化的变迁  

The Evolution of Chongyang Culture During the Heian Period of Japan

作　　者：邱丽君[1] Qiu Lijun

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学外国语学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《史学月刊》2020年第11期82-88,共7页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：在日本平安时代初期和中期,由中国传入的重阳节文化,在以嵯峨天皇为首的数位天皇的重视与努力下,得到了快速发展,其主题内涵丰富多元,形式题材特色多样。平安时代形成的贵族宴会礼节为重阳宴的延续创造了大环境,神泉苑的建立为重阳节文化的传播提供了得天独厚的物质载体,嵯峨天皇在重阳宴中增加的赋诗环节对传承重阳节文化起到了决定性的作用。纵观史乘,可以发现在重阳节众多习俗中唯有赋诗几乎贯穿了整个平安时代。赋诗环节使重阳活动的参与群体由单一化走向多元化,由贵族化走向庶民化,从而开辟了重阳节文化延续的新途径。平安时代末期,虽然"摄政关白"大臣专权阻碍了重阳宴的发展,但后宫女眷们在重阳节赏菊、用菊棉擦身祈求延年益寿等行为,都是对重阳节庆祝活动内容的丰富和创新。With the efforts of several emperors,especially Emperor Saga,the Double Ninth Festival(Chongyang Festival,重阳节),introduced from China to Japan,developed rapidly in the early and middle Heian Period.Its themes were rich and its forms were diverse.The aristocratic banquet etiquette formed in the Heian Period created a great environment for the continuation of the Double Ninth banquet;the establishment of the Shenquan Garden was conducive to spreading the Chongyang(Double Ninth)culture;and writing poems,initiated by Emperor Saga,in the Double Ninth banquet played a decisive role in inheriting and passing down the Chongyang culture.Looking back in history,it can be found that poem writing was the only custom of the Double Ninth Festival to run through almost the whole Heian Period.Poem writing enabled not only aristocrats but also common people to participate in the Double Ninth Festival,making the participating group diverse,and thus opening up a new way for the cultural continuation of the Double Ninth Festival.At the end of the Heian Period,the regent minister hindered the development of the Double Ninth banquet,but the imperial harem enriched and innovated the celebration of the festival by appreciating chrysanthemums and wiping their bodies with chrysanthemum cotton to pray for longevity.

关 键 词：重阳节文化 日本 平安时代 重阳宴 “摄政关白”大臣 

分 类 号：K313.25[历史地理—历史学]