二战初期苏联对巴尔干地区外交政策的得失——基于《苏南友好和互不侵犯条约》的分析  

Gains and Losses of the Soviet Union’s Diplomatic Policy towards the Balkans in the Early Stage of World War Ⅱ:Analysis of“Treaty of Friendship and Non-aggression between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia”

作　　者：梁强[1] Liang Qiang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2020年第5期133-153,158,共22页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：1941年3月25日南斯拉夫加入德意日三国同盟条约,第二天南军方发动政变并积极寻求与苏联缔结军事同盟条约。4月6日两国签署《苏南友好和互不侵犯条约》,当天德国入侵南斯拉夫,苏南条约成为苏联外交史上达成最迅速也最短命的条约。本文利用新解密的档案材料,详细论述《苏南友好和互不侵犯条约》的缔约过程、双方不同动机和内部考虑以及德国对此的反应,深入分析斯大林在苏南条约上的战略盘算和后果,对苏德战争前的苏联外交作出更加全面立体的刻画。南斯拉夫独立后一直奉行在欧洲大国间徘徊反复、游移不定的对外政策,苏南条约既是两次大战期间南斯拉夫对外政策的缩影,也是理解战后南斯拉夫新的独特外交的起点。On March 25,1941,Yugoslavia joined the Tripartite Pact of Germany,Italy and Japan.The next day the Yugoslav army launched a coup and sought to conclude a military alliance treaty with the Soviet Union.On April 6,the two countries signed the“Treaty of Friendship and Non-aggression between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia”.On the same day,Germany invaded Yugoslavia and thus the treaty became the fastest-made and shortest-lived treaty in Soviet diplomatic history.With newly declassified archive materials,this article discusses the process of signing this treaty,the different motives and considerations of the two parties and Germany’s response to this treaty,analyzes Stalin’s strategic calculations on the treaty,and depicts a full picture of Soviet diplomacy before the Soviet-German War.Since its independence,Yugoslavia has been swinging between European powers.The“Treaty of Friendship and Non-aggression between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia”is not only a reflection of Yugoslavia’s diplomatic policy between the two world wars,but also the starting point for understanding Yugoslavia’s new unique diplomacy after World War Ⅱ.

关 键 词：苏联 南斯拉夫 《苏南友好和互不侵犯条约》 苏德关系 

分 类 号：K512.54[历史地理—历史学] D851.2[历史地理—世界史]