从“公正惯例”到“根据可靠事实确定见解”——论《新莱茵报》客观与立场相统一的新闻报道原则  

From Common Fairness to Determining Opinions Based on Reliable Facts:On News Reporting Principles of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung that Integrate Objectivity with its Standpoints

作　　者：毛湛文[1] Mao Zhanwen

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2020年第S01期124-140,163,164,共19页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：中国人民大学双一流建设、中国人民大学马克思主义新闻观研究中心“马列新闻观术语原文、中英译文对比研究”(课题编号:RMXW2018A001)的成果。

摘　　要：论文基于1848-1849年《新莱茵报》的报道文本和相关史料,梳理了马克思恩格斯所创办的《新莱茵报》是如何实践客观性原则同时又体现其立场的。文章认为,《新莱茵报》在遵循客观性方面,超过同时期欧洲其他国家的报纸。当时欧洲主要国家的新闻业通行的“公正惯例”(common fairness),在《新莱茵报》编辑部得到贯彻。该报用超脱的情感和第三方视角公平地对待不同观点、不同对象,确保了一种总体姿态上的客观。在此基础上,该报通过使用严谨克制的语词、多方信源的引述、专业独到的版面语言等一系列“客观”的做法,在业务操作中实现了主客观的有机统一。同时,该报采用隐蔽方式流露情感、关键时刻鲜明发声的表达方式,达到了“根据可靠的事实来确定见解”的效果。在马克思的主持下,《新莱茵报》做到了既遵循客观性又保持党的立场和人民性,赢得了当时欧洲无产阶级的瞩目。This thesis explores the way in which Neue Rheinische Zeitung,a newspaper founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,employed the principle of objectivity while made clear its position by combing through the reports of the newspaper from 1848 to 1849 as well as other related historical materials.It holds that the newspaper was more objective than other European newspapers in the same period.At that time,the principle of common fairness,which was popular in the press industry,was implemented thoroughly during the editing process of Neue Rheinische Zeitung.Different views and objects were treated in a fair way without emotional interferences so as to achieve the goal of never judge upon inclination and to ensure the overall objectivity.The newspaper also honored practices of objective reporting,such as exercising restraint in language,quoting from multiple sources and refining a professional and penetrating layout of the newspaper.Neue Rheinische Zeitung thus achieved the integration of subjectivity and objectivity by expressing feelings in a covert approach and voicing standpoints at critical moments so that it determined opinions based on reliable facts.Thanks to Marx and Engels,Neue Rheinische Zeitung followed the principle of objectivity and respected the positions of the party and the people,becoming the center of attention of the whole European proletariat.

关 键 词：《新莱茵报》 马克思 恩格斯 客观性 公正惯例 马克思主义新闻观 

分 类 号：G212[文化科学—新闻学]