幼龄胶园覆盖葛藤对土壤肥力的影响调查  

Analysis of the Effects of Cover Crop Kudzu on Soil Fertility in Immature Rubber Plantations

作　　者：贺军军[1,2] 张华林[1] 张培松[2] 林清火[2] 罗微[2] 李文秀 罗萍[1] HE Junjun;ZHANG Hualin;ZHANG Peisong;LIN Qinghuo;LUO Wei;LI Wenxiu;LUO Ping(Zhanjiang Experiment Station,CATAS/Guangdong Dryland Water-saving Agricultural Engineering and Technology Research Center,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524013,China;Rubber Research Institute,CATAS,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站/广东省旱作节水农业工程技术中心,广东湛江524013 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2020年第10期12-16,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2018YFD0201100);国家天然橡胶产业技术体系湛江综合试验站(No.CARS-33-GD2)。

摘　　要：幼龄胶园行间覆盖葛藤被广泛应用于生产管理,是符合橡胶树生产和环境协调发展的农林复合模式。幼龄胶园覆盖葛藤周期较长,研究多集中在前3 a的覆盖效益,对后期的效果评价较少。对覆盖葛藤4~6 a的幼龄胶园土壤肥力状况和葛藤生物量累积特征进行调查分析。结果表明:幼龄胶园覆盖葛藤4~6 a、0~20㎝土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和有效钾含量分别在0.81%~1.43%、0.04%~0.07%、2.73~4.00 mg/kg、12.00~43.75 mg/kg,属于低肥力型胶园,不能满足橡胶树的正常生产;但胶园覆盖的葛藤产生丰富生物量,4~6 a累积葛藤活体和枯落物总干重合计有9.01~14.01 t/hm^2,相等于施入氮素、五氧化二磷、氧化钾251.26~405.94、189.29~331.94、60.59~130.19 kg/hm^2;为胶园土壤肥力的提升,促进胶树生长与产胶提供持续生物原料。Kudzu(Pueraria phaseoloides)is widely used as a cover crop in immature rubber plantations,which is an agro-forestry model for coordinated development between rubber production and ecological environment.Kudzu grows as a cover crop for quite a long time in immature rubber plantations,and the evaluation of benefit of covering with kudzu is mainly focused on the immature rubber plantations in the first three years after transplanting,seldom in the late stage.An attempt was made to determine and analyze the soil fertility and the accumulation characteristics of kudzu biomass in immature rubber plantations that have been covered with kudzu vines for 4-6 years.The results showed that in the immature rubber plantations covered with kudzu for 4-6 years,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layer were 0.81%-1.43%,0.04%-0.07%,2.73-4.00 mg·kg-1 and 12.00-43.75 mg·kg-1,respectively,indicating that these immature rubber plantations have low soil fertility that fails to meet the requirements for the normal growth of rubber trees.However,kudzu planted in these rubber plantations produced huge biomass,and its total accumulative biomass of fresh and dry weight for 4-6 years was 9.01-14.01 t·ha-1,which is equal to input of 251.26-405.94 kg·ha-1 of nitrogen,189.29-331.94 kg·ha-1 of tetraphosphorus decaoxide,and 60.59-130.19 kg·ha-1 of potassium oxide.Intercropping with kudzu improves soil fertility in immature rubber plantations and provides sustainable biological raw material for the growth of immature rubber trees.

关 键 词：胶园 葛藤 土壤肥力 生物量 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]