多径流出口水稻田非点源污染试验研究及验证  

Experimental Study and Verification of Non-Point Source Pollution from Paddy Fields with Multiple Runoff Outlets

作　　者：廖雅 苏保林 豆俊峰 徐云强 李丽芬 LIAO Ya;SU Baolin;DOU Junfeng;XU Yunqiang;LI Lifen(Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology,College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2020年第11期2484-2492,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07301003)。

摘　　要：为验证一种水稻田非点源污染原位观测方法的准确性和适应性,以北京市上庄镇某试验水稻田为例,应用原位观测方法分别在水稻田进水口附近(4#观测点)和出水口附近(2#观测点)安装水位计观测稻田水深,利用同步观测的降雨数据以及田内5个采样点定期采集的水质数据,进行非点源污染试验研究,探究基于同一块水稻田不同位置的水深观测数据是否对该方法的应用产生影响.结果表明:①晒田期间,由于4#观测点处于相对低洼的位置,其水深数据显示4 d的无水期,与实际晒田时间相符,而2#观测点水深数据显示10 d无水.②基于2#、4#观测点水深数据得到总蒸散发和渗漏损失、总径流量以及灌溉量的相对偏差分别为1.3%、1.0%、1.8%;应用原位观测方法估算出该水稻田的灌溉量在2620~2710 m 3之间.③基于2#、4#观测点水深得到的TN、NH 4+-N、NO 3--N、TP、COD Cr输出系数的相对偏差在0.8%~8.0%之间.研究显示:水位计安装位置对原位观测方法应用的影响不大,且主要体现在晒田期的水深观测,建议将水位计安装在稻田相对低洼处,以确保能够完整地监测水稻生长季的水深变化;应用该方法能准确识别水稻田的径流量和灌溉量,对具有多个径流出口的水稻田非点源污染试验具有较好的准确性和适应性.In order to evaluate the accuracy and adaptability of an in-situ observation method for non-point source pollution(NPS)in paddy fields,a paddy field in Shangzhuang Town of Beijing City was chosen for NPS pollution experiments,and two water level gauges were installed near the water inlet(4#observation point)and outlet(2#observation point)of the paddy field to observe the water depth.Combining the rainfall and observed surface water quality data,and using in-situ observation method,the NPS pollution loads in the effluent of the paddy field were calculated.Then explore whether the data of water depth at different locations in the same paddy field have an impact on the application of this method.The results showed that 4#observation point was located at a lower position compared with 2#observation point.According to 4#observation point,there were 4 days of dry field in the drying paddy field period,which was consistent with the actual drying paddy field period,and there was a dry period of 10 days based on 2#observation point.The relative deviation of the evaporation and infiltration loss,runoff,and irrigation based on the two observation points was 1.3%,1.0%and 1.8%respectively.The in-situ observation method was used to estimate the irrigation amount of the paddy field between 2620 m 3 and 2710 m 3.The relative deviation of the NPS pollution of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),chemical oxygen demand(COD Cr),nitrate-nitrogen(NO 3--N)and ammonia nitrogen(NH 4+-N)was between 0.8%and 8.0%.This indicated that the installation position of the water level gauge has little influence on the application of the in-situ observation method,and it is mainly reflected in the water depth observation during the field drying period.It is recommended to install the water level gauges in low-lying areas of paddy fields,so that the variation of water depth can be monitored throughout the whole rice-growing season.The method can accurately identify the runoff and irrigation volume of paddy fields,and can be applied for accurate a

关 键 词：水稻田 非点源污染负荷 原位观测法 污染物输出系数 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]