英国政党政治史中“异常现象”琐议  

On the“Abnormal Phenomenon”in the Political History of British Political Parties

作　　者：阎照祥 Yan Zhaoxiang

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学高研院史学研究中心,广东珠海519085

出　　处：《史学月刊》2020年第12期102-109,共8页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：在英国政党政治史上,不仅有辉格党/自由党和托利党/保守党的对立,保守党和工党的长期对抗,还有"骑墙者"、党籍更换、党内建立山头和新党建立等"异常现象"。这些情状,或肇始于独立政治立场的坚持,政治环境的相对自由;或归因于个人和小团体的政治目标追求,将国家利益置于政党之先的心理判断;或缘起于特定的社会历史条件、立宪政体之下政治氛围宽松以及各党党纪相对舒缓。而英国共产党在20世纪的发展并衰微,原因在于国内外复杂的政治因素,包括本国"简单多数出线制"之议会选举制的限制。In the history of political parties in Britain,there has not only been a long struggle between Whig/Liberal Party and Tory/Conservative Party,but also a long-running confrontation between Conservative Party and Labour Party,as well as"abnormal phenomena",such as Trimmer and changing the membership of the Party,the formation of separate factions within the party,and also the establishment of new parties.These situations may arise from the insistence of independent political positions,the relative freedom of the political environment,or the pursuit of the political goals of determined individuals and small groups,and the psychological consideration of putting the national interests ahead of the political parties,the specific social and historical conditions,the relaxed political atmosphere under the constitutional system and the relative relaxation of the party discipline of all parties.The decline of the Communist Party in 20 th century was attributed to complex domestic and foreign political factors,including the limitations of its"simple majority"parliamentary election system.

关 键 词：英国 政党政治 “异常现象” 骑墙者 党籍更换 党内宗派 新党建立 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学]