德国埃姆歇河流域水生态环境综合治理技术体系及启示  

Technology System of Comprehensive Management of Water Ecological Environment in Emscher River Basin in Germany and Enlightenment to China

作　　者：尹文超 卢兴超 薛晓宁 张卫 董紫君[3] 赵昕 王宝贞[4] YIN Wenchao;LU Xingchao;XUE Xiaoning;ZHANG Wei;DONG Zijun;ZHAO Xin;WANG Baozhen(Green Design Research Center,China Architecture Design&Research Group,Beijing 100044,China;College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;College of Architecture and Environmental Engineering,Shenzhen Polytechnic,Shenzhen 518055,China;Water Pollution Control Research Center,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑设计研究院有限公司绿色设计研究中心,北京100044 [2]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京100124 [3]深圳职业技术学院建筑与环境工程学院,广东深圳518055 [4]哈尔滨工业大学水污染治理研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《净水技术》2020年第11期1-11,15,共12页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2018YFC0704800);老旧建筑小区海绵化改造设计技术研究(Y2017102)。

摘　　要：德国埃姆歇河流域水生态环境综合治理是世界污染水体成功治理的经典案例,通过实地走访、座谈交流和资料分析等方式,展现该流域1个多世纪以来生态环境治理技术体系的全貌,内容涵盖了流域经济社会发展、政策衍变历程、组织协调管理机构、规划安排和工程建设技术等多个方面。可知:一是受高度工业化和城镇化发展而严重污染的流域水环境,从“黑水变清”再到“重返自然”需要一个漫长的过程,没有捷径可走;二是完善可靠的雨污水收集管网和构筑物、适应雨污混合污水的市政污水处理厂、高标准的工业废水处理厂等灰色基础设施建设是黑水变清的前提,是不可逾越的第一阶段;三是沿河地下深隧截污-净化系统、流域支干流蓝绿生态网络和城市绿色雨水基础设施等的构建是城市人工环境与自然生态环境之间“点-线-面”的缓冲系统,目的是最大限度地减少人类活动对自然生态系统的干扰,达到“重返自然”的效果,是美好向往的第二阶段。当前,在我国新型城镇化建设和城乡融合发展不断推进的过程中,学习埃姆歇河流域水生态环境综合治理,科学理性认识各项技术体系的阶段性和长期性,对我国流域水生态环境向“重返自然”的美好愿景前进具有重要借鉴意义。Comprehensive management of water ecological environment of Emscher River Basin in Germany is a classic case of successful management of polluted water bodies in the world.Through field visits,discussions exchanges and data analysis,it shows the whole picture of ecological environment management technology system in the basin over a century.The comprehensive technological system for water ecological environment management covers many aspects,such as economic and social development of the river basin,organization and coordination of management agencies,evolution of policies,planning and arrangement,and engineering construction technology.Firstly,the highly polluted water environment in the basin which has undergone a high degree of industrialization and urbanization requires a long process from"black water to clear"to"return to nature",and it must be a long way to go and there are no shortcuts.Secondly,the construction of gray infrastructure such as a reliable rainwater collection pipe network and structures,a municipal sewage treatment plant adapted to rain-sewage mixed sewage,and a high-standard industrial wastewater treatment plant is a prerequisite for black water to clear,which is the insurmountable first stage.Thirdly,underground deep-tunnel sewage interception-purification system along the river,blue-green ecological network of the tributaries of the river basin,and urban green rainwater infrastructure are the"point-line-area"buffer systems between urban artificial environment and natural ecological environment,and its purpose is to minimize the interference of human activities on the natural ecology and achieve the effect of"return to nature",which is the second stage of a beautiful yearning.At present,in the process of our country's new urbanization construction and urban-rural integration development,learning from typical management of water ecological environment in Emscher River Basin,scientifically and rationally understanding the stages and long-term nature of various technical systems,is a important

关 键 词：流域水生态环境 综合治理规划 重返自然 地下深隧 截污-净化系统 市政污水 工业废水 蓝绿生态网络 绿色雨水基础设施 

分 类 号：TU991.1[建筑科学—市政工程]