数据挖掘对个人信息的侵害与保护路径  

The Infringement of Personal Information Caused by Data Mining and Protection Approaches

作　　者：崔淑洁[1] 张弘[1] CUI Shujie;ZHANG Hong(School of Law,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期137-144,共8页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17XFX021)。

摘　　要：不同于收集、分析等个人信息处理阶段,数据挖掘对个人信息的侵害基于挖掘过程和挖掘结果,具体表现为数据标签化与不利评价、信息茧房与被动自治、社会分选与数据歧视、信息关联与个人隐私侵害等。数据挖掘的自动化决策性、黑箱性,挖掘侵害行为的建构性、隐藏性,侵害结果的难挑战性等因素对现有的知情—同意、公开—透明、侵权—救济等个人信息保护规则提出挑战。通过引入正当程序规则,限制数据挖掘机构的数据权力,建立数据挖掘机构和个人信息主体之间有效互动的通道和程序,有助于实现对个人信息的保护,具体规则包括设置数据挖掘机构的公开解释标准,赋予个人信息主体“选择—退出”和“异议—纠正”的权能,落实数据挖掘机构的自我审查与监管审查,明确违反正当程序的问责与补偿机制。Different from data collection,data analysis and other processing technology,the infringement of personal information caused by data mining is reflected in the mining process and mining results,including data tagging and data bias,information cocoons and passive autonomy,social sorting and data discrimination,related information mining and privacy infringement,etc.However,the procedure of data mining is automated and can be regarded as a black-box,and the infringement act is architectural and private,moreover,the infringement results are difficult to challenge.All these bring huge challenges to the current personal information protection rules,such as“inform-consent”rule,“opening-transparency”rule and“tort-relief”rule.Therefore,it is necessary to introduce due process rules,limit the data power of data mining institutions and establish channels and procedures for effective interaction between data mining institutions and personal information subjects to realize the protection of personal information.The specific rules include setting open interpretation standards for data mining institutions,entitling individual information subjects the right to“opt-out”and“object-correction”,implementing self-review and regulatory review of data mining institutions,and clarifying the accountability and compensation mechanism for violations of due process.

关 键 词：数据挖掘 个人信息保护 数据权力 算法 信息茧房 知情—同意 正当程序规则 

分 类 号：D922.17[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]