土地流转与社会化服务:“路线竞争”还是“相得益彰”?——基于山东临沂12个村的案例分析  

Land Transfer and Agricultural Services:“Route Competition”or“Mutual Reinforcement”?An Analysis Based on Cases from 12 Villages in Linyi,Shandong Province

作　　者：钟真[1] 胡珺祎 曹世祥 Zhong Zhen;Hu Junyi;Cao Shixiang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2020年第10期52-70,共19页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“社会化服务对农业经营主体生产效率的影响机制与政策选择研究”(项目编号:71773134);中央农办农业农村部乡村振兴专家咨询委员会软科学课题“基于社会化服务的中国特色农业现代化道路研究”(项目编号:rkx2019002A)的资助。

摘　　要：在土地流转型规模经营面临的风险问题逐步显现的同时,服务带动型规模经营能否成为推动中国农业现代化的第二条道路,是当前农业发展理论和实践需要回答的重要问题。本文聚焦农户的农业产量和收益,初步建立了一个比较两种规模经营方式的逻辑框架,并基于山东临沂12个村、201个小麦种植户的实地调查,对土地流转与社会化服务在农业现代化中的作用及其关系进行了案例对比分析。结果表明,土地流转并非提升农业产出的必要条件,社会化服务才是农业实现规模经济的充要条件;尽管社会化服务在提升农业产出上更具有优势,但土地流转在扩大种植收益、提高家庭收入和降低社会化服务的交易成本等方面仍然具有十分重要的作用。因此,提高土地流转和社会化服务水平在推进中国特色农业现代化进程中不是“路线竞争”的取舍关系,而是“相得益彰”的共赢关系。While the risks faced by the moderate scale operation of land transfer are gradually emerging,can service-driven moderate scale operation become the second path to promote China’s agricultural modernization?This is an important question that needs to be answered in the current agricultural development theory and practice.This article focuses on the agricultural output of rural households and establishes a logical framework that compares the two scale management methods.Based on the field survey of 201 wheat growers in 12 villages in Linyi,Shandong,the study makes a comparative analysis of the role of and relationship between land transfer and specialized agricultural services in agricultural modernization.The results show that land transfer is not a necessary condition to improve agricultural output,while specialized agricultural services provision is the necessary and sufficient condition for agriculture to achieve economies of scale.Although specialized agricultural services provision has more advantages in improving agricultural output,land transfer still plays a very important role in expanding planting income,increasing family income and reducing transaction cost of specialized agricultural services.Therefore,the relationship between improving the level of land transfer and specialized agricultural services provision is not a trade-off type of“route competition”but a win-win relationship of“mutual reinforcement”in the process of China’s agricultural modernization.

关 键 词：土地流转 农业社会化服务 小农户 农业产出水平 

分 类 号：F320.1[经济管理—产业经济]