日本神话中的「鰐」与吴越水神  

“Wani”:The Crocodilian in Japanese Mythology and the Wu Yue Water God

作　　者：陈馨[1] Chen Xin(Guangdong University of Technology,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学外国语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2020年第5期87-95,共9页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：2016年度广东高校省级重大科研项目青年创新人才类项目“《风土记》视域下的日本古代自然观研究”(2016 WQNCX019)的阶段研究成果。项目主持人:陈馨;2018年度广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划学科共建项目“日本《风土记》中的古代自然信仰研究”(GD18 XWW03)的阶段研究成果。项目主持人:陈馨

摘　　要：在日本神话中「鰐」被称为海神,是古代日本人重要的信仰对象。通过研究文献及考古资料可知,古代日本的「鳄」海神信仰继承自吴越移民以鳄鱼为原型的龙水神信仰。理由有二:第一,考古资料显示,代表吴越龙信仰的文身习俗很可能与绳纹人的黥面之俗融合并演变出弥生黥面的固定纹样,沿稻作传播的路径从九州经濑户内海传至伊势湾沿岸;第二,在九州到伊势湾的广大区域出土了大批弥生时代的,绘有以鳄鱼为原型的龙形象的求雨祭祀土器,这说明弥生时代已有普遍的祭龙祈雨仪式和龙水神信仰,而伴随在龙形象旁的雷电状图案则表明弥生龙信仰体现了典型的龙致雨思想,源自吴越的稻作文化。In Japanese myths and legends"wani"is honored as the god of the sea and was an important object of belief in ancient Japan.According to the research literature and archaeological data,the ancient Japanese faith of the"wani"dragon inherited the belief in dragon based on crocodile by Wu Yue immigrants.There are two reasons:Firstly,archaeological data show that the tattoo custom representing Wu Yue's belief is likely to merge with the custom of tattooing faces in the Jomon age and evolve into the fixed pattern of the Yayoi tattooed face,which is transmitted from Kyushu to the coast of Ise Bay via Seto Inland Sea along the rice propagation path.Secondly,ancient artifacts depicting rain have been excavated in the areas of Kyushu and Ise Bay,which elucidates the sacrifice for rain and the belief in dragon are universal.Also,the lightning pattern near the dragon indicates that the belief in a Yayoi dragon must have been inherited from the tradition of rice cultivation.

关 键 词：吴越移民 水神信仰 鳄 海神信仰 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]