2017-2019年辽宁省农村学校饮用水微生物污染状况分析  

Microbial contamination of drinking water in rural school of Liaoning,2017-2019

作　　者：李继芳[1] 崔仲明[1] 王舒 LI Ji-fang;CUI Zhong-ming;WANG Shu(Institute for Environmental Health,Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang,Liaoning 110005,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心环境卫生所,辽宁沈阳110005

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2020年第21期4006-4010,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：全国饮用水卫生监测项目。

摘　　要：目的为了解辽宁省农村学校饮用水微生物卫生状况,为有针对性的采取有效措施,保障师生身体健康提供一定依据。方法于2017-2019年抽取459所学校,在枯水期(3-4月)和丰水期(7-8月)共采集908份末梢水进行水样检测,检测的微生物指标包括菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌。结果调查的459所学校中,以小学和公办为主,所占百分比分别为45.10%(207/459)和98.47%(452/459)。69.28%(318/459)学校水源类型为深井。采取消毒措施的学校主要为漂白粉消毒。2017-2019年微生物指标综合达标率为86.23%。达标率由高到低顺序为:大肠埃希氏菌(99.25%)>菌落总数(97.14%)>耐热大肠菌群(92.32%)>总大肠菌群(87.56%)。不同年份各指标达标率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群达标率(91.25%、95.36%)枯水期高于丰水期(83.81%、89.21%),地下水水源(87.92%、92.69%)高于地表水源(72.73%、77.27%)(P<0.05)。微生物指标综合达标率枯水期(90.15%)高于丰水期(82.26%),消毒水样(97.33%)高于未消毒水样(85.23%)。全省区域中部地区微生物指标综合达标率高于东部和西部(χ^2=9.924,P=0.007)。结论辽宁省农村学校饮用水不同指标达标率与水源类型、水期、区域均有关。消毒能够有效提升微生物指标达标率。建议因地制宜,加强水源选择与防护,加强消毒,加强宣传教育,提高卫生意识。Objective To understand the microbial status,and to take targeted and effective measures,so as to provide the basis for protecting the health of the teachers and students.Methods 459 schools were selected from 2017 to 2019.A total of908 samples of tap water were collected and tested in dry season(3-4)and in wet season(7-8).The microbial indicators included bacteria count,total coliform,thermotolerant coliform,Escherichia coli.Results Among the 459 schools surveyed,the majority were primary and public schools accounting for 45.10%(207/459)and 98.47%(452/459),respectively.69.28%(318/459)of school water source types were deep wells.The main method of disinfection was bleaching powder.The comprehensive rate of microbial indicators reached 86.23%from 2017 to 2019.The order of the rate of reaching standard from high to low was:Escherichia coli(99.25%)>bacteria count(97.14%)>thermotolerant coliform(92.32%)>total coliforms(87.56%).There was no statistically significant difference among the rates in different years(P>0.05).The rate of reaching standard of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliform in dry season(91.25%,95.36%)were higher than that in wet season(83.81%,89.21%),and so were the groundwater sources(87.92%,92.69%)and surface sources(72.73%,77.27%)(P<0.05).The rate of reaching the standard of the comprehensive microbial index in dry season(90.15%)was higher than that in wet season(82.26%),and that rate of the disinfected water samples(97.33%)was higher than that of the water samples with no disinfection(85.23%).The comprehensive compliance rate in the central part of the province was higher than that in the east and west(χ^2=9.924,P=0.007).Conclusion The rates of reaching the standard of different indexes are related to water source types,the period of precipitation and region.Disinfection can effectively improve the rate ofmicrobial indicators.It is suggested to choose the water source and protect it,strengthen disinfection,pay more attention to publicity and education and enhance the awareness of sanitation.

关 键 词：饮用水 微生物 学校 农村 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]