中国经济转型背景下的城市化与农业劳动生产率演变  

Evolution of Urbanization and Agricultural Labor Productivity inthe Context of China’s Economic Transformation

作　　者：高帆[1] 尹晨 GAO Fan;YIN Chen

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433 [2]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院,上海200433

出　　处：《求是学刊》2020年第4期70-79,共10页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“我国城乡一体化发展的理论逻辑与实现机制研究”(17AJL010)。

摘　　要：二元经济理论强调农村劳动力非农化是二元结构转化的核心机制,城市化会导致农业劳动生产率提高并向非农产业趋同。1978年改革开放以来,我国快速的城市化进程伴随着农业劳动生产率绝对数的提高,但农业与非农产业的劳动生产率落差未显著缩减。从农业劳动生产率的分解因素——土地-劳动比率、土地生产率、产值转化率来看,我国经济转型中的城乡户籍、土地、金融、社会保障等制度因素,导致城市化并未持续改善农业劳动生产率的相对状态。中国的城市化及其对农业劳动生产率的作用具有明显的本土化特征。新时代,我国需要实现城市化和农业现代化的同步发展,实现农业和非农产业劳动生产率的逐步趋同,为此可基于市场的资源配置优化功能和政府的公共产品供给功能提出相应的政策方案。The dual economic theory emphasizes the non-agriculturalization of rural labor is the core mechanism of binary structural transformation,and urbanization will lead to the improvement of agricultural labor productivity and the convergence to non-agricultural industries.The rapid urbanization of the country since the reform and opening up of the country in 1978 has been accompanied by an increase in agricultural productivity and a convergence towards non-agricultural industries.However,the labor productivity gap between agriculture and non-agricultural industries has not been significantly reduced.In terms of the decomposition factors of agricultural labour productivity,such as land-labour ratio,land productivity,output transformation ratio,the institutional factors involving the urban and rural household registration,land,finance,social security and others in China’s economic transformation have led to urbanization that has not continuously improved agricultural labor productivity.China’s urbanization and its effect on agricultural labor productivity have a distinctly localized characteristics.In the new era,China needs to promote synchronous development of urbanization and agricultural modernization,and realize the gradual convergence of labor productivity between agriculture and non-agricultural industries.Therefore,we can put forward corresponding policy schemes based on the optimization function of market resource allocation and the supply function of government public goods.

关 键 词：城市化 农业劳动生产率 经济体制转型 城乡融合发展 政府-市场关系 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济] F323