20世纪中后期美国东北部和中西部的去工业化与城市衰落  

De-industrialization and Urban Decline in the Northeast and Mid⁃west of the United States in the Middle and Late 20th Century

作　　者：孙群郎[1] 孙金龙[1] SUN Qun-lang;SUN Jin-long

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,金华321004

出　　处：《求是学刊》2020年第4期167-180,共14页Seeking Truth

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“美国郊区的低密度开发与生态环境保护研究”(19YJA770013)的阶段性成果;国家社科基金项目“当代美国大都市区空间蔓延的危害及其治理研究”的成果(11BSS015)。

摘　　要：美国东北部和中西部在20世纪中后期出现了严重的工厂搬迁和资本撤离问题,即所谓的去工业化现象,从而使这两大工业区域沦为“锈蚀带”或“冰雪带”。这两个区域去工业化的原因主要包括工会强大、国际竞争、科技进步、全球分工等几个方面。去工业化导致了这两个地区城市就业的锐减、工人的贫困化和城市税收的减少,从而导致了城市的财政危机和发展危机。In the middle and late 20th century,serious problems of factory relocation and capital withdrawal occurred in the northeast and midwest of the U.S.,namely the so-called de-industrialization phenomenon,which made these two industrial areas become“rust belt”or“ice and snow belt”.The reasons for de-industrialization in these two regions mainly include strong trade unions,international competition,scientific and technological progress,global division of labor and so on.De-industrialization has led to the sharp decline of employment,the poverty of workers and the reduction of urban taxes in these two areas,thus leading to the financial crisis and development crisis in the cities.

关 键 词：东北部 中西部 去工业化 财政危机 城市危机 

分 类 号：F471.2[经济管理—产业经济] F299.712