长江上游珍稀、特有鱼类种群动态现状及变化趋势分析  

Research on status and dynamic varietal trends of rare and unique fish stocks in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River

作　　者：周湖海 李翀 邓华堂[1] 田辉伍[1] 陈永柏 高欣[3] 朱滨[4] 陈大庆[1] ZHOU Hu-hai;LI Chong;DENG Hua-tang;TIAN Hui-wu;CHEN Yong-bo;GAO Xin;ZHU Bin;CHEN Da-qing(Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries ResearchInstitute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;China Three Gorges corporation,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Institute of Hydroecology,MWR&CAS,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部长江中上游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,武汉430223 [2]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,北京100038 [3]中科院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [4]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,武汉430079

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2020年第6期3-14,共12页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：中国长江三峡集团有限公司项目资助(0799570);中国三峡建设管理有限公司项目资助(JG/18056B,JG/18057B);农业财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查”;中国水产科学研究院创新团队项目(2020TD09)。

摘　　要：为了解长江上游珍稀特有鱼类种群动态现状,本研究基于长序列调查与研究数据分析了长江上游特有鱼类种群动态演变。结果显示:长江上游不同江段,根据鱼类特性、栖息地特征、水系、产卵类型等划分,鱼类区系组成不同。金沙江一期工程蓄水后,长江上游珍稀特有鱼类种群开发率较蓄水前高,约77.5%的特有鱼类处于过度开发状态,22.5%未过度利用。金沙江一期工程蓄水后平均捕捞死亡系数大于蓄水前,细鳞裂腹鱼(Schizothorax chongi)、张氏■(Hemiculter tchangi)、前鳍高原鳅(Triplophysa anterodorsalis)等经济价值低的特有鱼类自然死亡系数高于捕捞死亡系数,而长薄鳅(Elongate loach)等经济价值较高的鱼类自然死亡系数低于捕捞死亡系数。2011-2018年珍稀特有鱼类出现频率、资源量均呈下降趋势。In order to understand the dynamics of rare and endemic fish stocks in upper reaches of Yangtze River,this study analyzed the dynamic evolution of fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River based on the long sequence investigation and available data.The results showed that the fish fauna composition varies according to fish characteristics,habitat characteristics,water systems and spawning types in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The exploitation rate of rare and endemic fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was higher after the impoundment of the Jinsha River First Stage Project,with about 77.5%of the fish species in overdeveloped state and 22.5%not.The average fishing mortality coefficiont was higher after impoundment in the first stage of the Jinsha River.The natural mortality coefficient of endemic fish with low economic value,such as Schizothorax chongi,Hemiculter tchangi and Triplophysa anterodorsalis,was higher than the fishing mortality coefficiont,while the endemic fish with high economic value,such as Elongate loach,was opposite.The frequency and resource quantity of rare and endemic fish species in 2011-2018 showed a decreasing trend.

关 键 词：长江上游特有鱼类 种群动态 资源量 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]