有机肥替代部分氮化肥对鲜食玉米产量、干物质和氮吸收的影响  

Effects of Replacing Part of Nitrogen Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer on the Yield,Dry Matter and Nitrogen Absorption of Fresh Corn

作　　者：李明悦[1] 金修宽 高伟[1] 衣文平[2] 高贤彪[1] LI Mingyue;JIN Xiukuan;GAO Wei;YI Wenping;GAO Xianbiao(Tianjin Institute of Agriculture Resource and Environment Sciences,Tianjin 300384,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300384 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2020年第9期56-60,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0200608)。

摘　　要：有机肥替代部分化肥是实现化肥使用零增长和作物稳产增产的重要途径,也是化肥减施增效的重要措施之一。探究适宜的有机肥替代率是有机肥配施首要解决的难题之一。本研究以“鲜食玉米”为试材,研究了不同有机肥替代比例对鲜食玉米产量及养分吸收的影响。研究结果表明:(1)不同比例有机替代处理均能提高鲜食玉米产量、干物质量,当有机替代比例为30%时,鲜食玉米产量、干物质量最高,为17806 kg·hm-2和9932.1 kg·hm-2,比100%全量化肥(CK)处理产量、干物质量提高10.00%和15.52%;(2)有机无机肥料配施可以显著增加鲜食玉米氮吸收量及氮肥利用率,当有机替代比例为30%时,鲜食玉米氮吸收量最高,为114.17 kg·hm-2,比100%全量化肥(CK)处理增加12.15%,而氮肥利用率为25.57%,比100%全量化肥(CK)处理提高了6.23个百分点。因此,对于鲜食玉米而言,在本试验条件下,有机肥替代30%化肥能够获得最高的鲜食玉米产量。Replacing part of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers is one of the important ways to achieve zero growth in fertilizer,considered as an effective approach in sustainable agriculture.Exploring the appropriate replacement rate of organic fertilizer is one of the first problems solved by organic fertilizer application.This study used"fresh corn"as the test material,the effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on the yield and nutrient absorption of fresh corn were explored.The results showed:(1)organic substitution treatments with different ratios could increase the yield and dry matter weight of fresh corn,when the organic substitution ratio was 30%,the fresh corn yield and dry matter weight were the highest,which were 17806 kg·hm-2 and 9932.1 kg·hm-2.Compared with 100%chemical fertilizer(CK)treatment,the yield and dry matter weight are increased by 10.00%and 15.52%.(2)Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could significantly increase the nitrogen absorption of fresh corn and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers.When the organic substitution ratio was 30%,the nitrogen absorption of fresh corn was the highest,114.17 kg·hm-2,Compared with 100%chemical fertilizer(CK)treatment,the nitrogen absorption was increased by 12.15%.The utilization rate of fresh corn nitrogen fertilizer is 25.57%,which was 6.23 percentage points higher than that of 100%fertilizer(CK)treatment.Therefore,for fresh corn,under this test condition,organic fertilizer could replace the 30%chemical fertilizer to obtain the highest yield of fresh corn.

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 产量 有机替代 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]