零余子繁殖山药的高效栽培技术研究  

Study on High Efficient Cultivation Techniques for Propagation of Yam from Bulbil

作　　者：许念芳[1] 宋计平 孙胜楠 姚甜甜 刘少军[1] 付在秋[1] 焦健[1] 李朝霞 张宴萍 岳林旭[1] XU Nianfang;SONG Jiping;SUN Shengnan;YAO Tiantian;LIU Shaojun;FU Zaiqiu;JIAO Jian;LI Zhaoxia;ZHANG Yanping;YUE Linxu(Agricultural and Sideline Raw Materials Research Institute on Light Industry of Shandong,Gaomi,Shandong 261500,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省轻工农副原料研究所,山东高密261500

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2020年第9期73-75,共3页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2018E23)。

摘　　要：以“伊势芋”山药的零余子为试材,进行三因素田间试验,研究零余子大小、腐殖酸肥和多效唑对山药生长、地下部形态特征及产量的影响。结果表明:零余子大小对山药的生长、地下部形态特征及产量均有较大的影响,与1~1.5 g零余子相比,2.0~4.0 g的零余子出苗期提前7 d,出苗率增加36.80%,达到90.63%,植株较粗壮,长势旺盛,块茎长、块茎粗、单株块茎质量和产量显著增加,有效薯率增加150%,达到100%,产量达到47798.85 kg·hm-2;叶面喷施腐殖酸肥可以增加1~1.5 g零余子繁殖种栽的有效薯率,增加幅度为33.33%;叶面喷施多效唑与共同施用腐殖酸和多效唑均可以增加1~1.5 g零余子繁殖种栽的有效薯率,增加幅度均为16.68%;叶面喷施腐殖酸肥和多效唑对2.0~4.0 g的零余子的块茎长、块茎粗、单株块茎质量、有效薯率和产量均无显著性差异。Study the effects of bulbil size,humic acid fertilizer and paclobutrazol on growth,morphological characteristcs and yield of Yam were carried through using'yishiyu'yam as test material,seting field experiment with three factors.The results showed that the bulbil size had a certain effect on the growth,morphological characteristcs and yield of'yishiyu'yam.Compared with 1~1.5 g bulbil,the emergence period of 2.0~4.0 g bulbil was seven days earlier,the emergence rate was 90.63%,increased by 36.80%,the plant was strong and vigorous,the tuber length,tuber diameter,tuber weight per plant and yield increased significantly,and the effective tuber rate was 100%,increased by 150%,the yield reached 47798.85 kg·hm-2.There was no significant difference in tuber length,tuber diameter,tuber weight per plant and yield between the treatments of spraying humic acid fertilizer on leaf surface and no spraying.Spraying humic acid fertilizer on leaf surface could increase the effective tuber rate by 33.33%in 1~1.5 g bulbil.Paclobutrazol and combined application of humic acid and paclobutrazol could increase the effective tuber rate by 16.68%in 1~1.5 g bulbil.The effect of paclobutrazol,humic acid and combined application of humic acid and paclobutrazol on tuber length,tuber diameter,tuber weight per plant,the effective tuber rate and tuber yield was not significantly different from that of non-spraying in 2.0~4.0 g bulbil.

关 键 词：山药 零余子 栽培技术 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S632.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]