夏河县天然草原牧草生长盛期植被盖度及产草量变化  

Changes of Vegetation Coverage and Grass Yield in the Active Growth Stage of Natural Grass of Xiahe County

作　　者：俞联平 俞慧云 曹国顺 马隆西 李昀 陈兴荣 张贞明 李智燕 Yu Lianping;Yu Huiyun;Cao Guoshun;Ma Longxi;Li Yun;Chen Xingrong;Zhang Zhenming;Li Zhiyan(Grassland Technical Extension Station of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730010,China;Grassland Station of Xiahe County,Xiahe,Gansu 747100,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省草原技术推广总站,兰州730010 [2]夏河县草原工作站,甘肃夏河747100

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2020年第6期37-42,共6页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：草地可食牧草与放牧家畜季节性营养平衡研究;甘肃省现代草食畜产业技术体系(GARS-CS-4)。

摘　　要：植被盖度及产草量是草地生产力监测及草原生态评价的重要指标。为及时掌握高寒草原区牧草生长关键期的植被盖度及产草量变化,选择基于NDVI的像元二分模型和指数回归模型,结合地面调查对甘肃省夏河县2018年6-8月草地植被盖度、可食牧草产量及变化进行研究与评价。结果表明:6-8月夏河县植被平均盖度7月(79.48%)较6月高24.30%,较8月高7.62%;6月盖度以Ⅱ级为主(占63.86%),7月和8月Ⅰ级占比最大(分别为83.17%和55.64%)。7月高寒草甸、山地草甸和温性草原盖度分别较6月高28.27%、21.62%和22.27%,较8月高10.92%、5.06%和8.01%;7月高寒草甸和山地草甸Ⅰ级盖度草地分别占89.54%和86.05%,温性草原以Ⅱ级为主(55.28%)。6、7和8月温性草原植被盖度最低,分别较山地草甸低20.44%、20.01%和22.20%,较高寒草甸低15.87%、19.81%和17.65%。单位面积可食牧草产量均随牧草生育期延续而增大,全县及高寒草甸、山地草甸、温性草原平均干草产量8月分别达1 929.60、1 800.92、2 150.96和1 144.74 kg/hm^2;温性草原类产草量最低,6-8月分别是山地草甸的50.64%、48.32%和63.56%,是高寒草甸的47.61%、46.57%和53.22%。从6月到8月各草地类产草量由<1 500 kg/hm^2产量级向1 500~3 000 kg/hm^2产量级转变。Vegetation coverage and grass yield are important index of grassland productivity monitoring and grassland ecological evaluation.In order to grasp the change of vegetation coverage and grass yield in the critical period of forage growth in Alpine grassland,choosing dimidiate pixel model and exponential regression model based on NDVI,and ground investigation through June to August in 2018 to evaluate vegetation coverage,forage yield and change in Xiahe county.The result showed that June through August,the average vegetation coverage in July(79.48%)was 24.30%higher than that in June,and 7.62%higher than that in August.The coverage level was mainly Ⅱ in June(63.86%),and was Ⅰ in July and August(83.17%,55.64%).The coverage of alpine meadow,mountain meadow and warm steppe in July were 28.27%,21.62%and 22.27%higher than that in June,10.92%,5.06%and 8.01%higher than that in August,respectively.In July,the coverage of alpine meadow and mountain meadow accounted for 89.54%and 86.05%respectively in level Ⅰ,warm steppe was mainly of level Ⅱ(55.28%).The coverage of warm steppe through June to August were the lowest,which were 20.44%,20.01%and 22.20%lower than mountain meadow,15.87%,19.81%and 17.65%lower than alpine meadow,respectively.The yield of edible forage per area increased with the growth period of forage,the average dry yield of the countywide,alpine meadow,mountain meadow and warm steppe reached 1929.6,1800.92,2150.96 and 1144.74 kg/hm2 in August,respectively.The yield of warm steppe was the lowest,from June to August,which was 50.64%,48.32%and 63.56%of mountain meadow,47.61%,46.57%and 53.22%of alpine meadow,respectively.From June to August,the yield grade of each grassland type changed from<1500 kg/hm2 to 1500-3000 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：夏河县 牧草生长盛期 植被盖度 盖度分级 可食牧草产量 产草量分级 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]