日龄对意蜂工蜂嗅觉学习行为和学习相关基因表达的影响  

Effects of age on olfactory learning and expression of learning-related genes in honeybee(Apis mellifera L.)

作　　者：邱园妹 侯梦赏 王天宝 李喆 李至春 李志国 苏松坤 QIU Yuanmei;HOU Mengshang;WANG Tianbao;LI Zhe;LI Zhichun;LI Zhiguo;SU Songkun(College of Animal Science(College of Bee Science),Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学动物科学学院(蜂学学院),福建福州350002

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期831-837,共7页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31702192);国家现代农业产业技术体系(蜜蜂)项目(CARS-44-KXJ4)。

摘　　要：选用3个日龄(6、12、18日龄)意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera(简称"意蜂")工蜂,研究不同日龄工蜂学习能力的差异以及学习能力与日龄的关联性.分别对每个日龄组工蜂进行4次气味联想性学习训练.随后通过荧光定量PCR技术检测王浆主蛋白1(Major royal jelly protein1,Mrjp1)、气味结合蛋白16(Odorant binding proteins16,Obp16)、气味结合蛋白18(Odorant binding proteins18,Obp18)、突触小泡胺转运体(Solute carrier18A,SLC18A)4个与学习相关基因在3个日龄组工蜂头部表达水平.结果表明:工蜂的学习能力随着日龄增加而增强, 6日龄工蜂学习能力显著低于12和18日龄工蜂(P<0.01).然而,12日龄与18日龄工蜂学习能力差异不显著(P>0.05),说明工蜂在12日龄及更高日龄时即可表现出稳定的气味学习能力.此外,与学习能力较弱的工蜂相比,Mrjp1在3个日龄组学习能力较强的工蜂头部均呈显著性上调表达(P<0.01);Obp16和Obp18在12日龄组学习能力较强的工蜂头部呈显著性上调表达(P<0.01);SLC18A在18日龄组学习能力较强的工蜂头部呈显著性上调表达(P<0.01).随着日龄的变化,与学习能力较弱的工蜂相比,4个学习相关基因在学习能力较强的工蜂头部呈现出差异性的表达模式,而Mrjp1极有可能是工蜂脑部调控气味学习能力的关键基因之一.To investigate the differences in learning ability and its relationship with age,3 groups of bees aging 6,12,18-day-old respectively were subject to olfactory learning trials 4 times.After training,expression levels of 4 learning-related genes,Mrjp1(Major royal jelly protein1),Obp16(Odorant binding proteins16),Obp18(Odorant binding proteins18)and SLC18A(Solute carrier18A),were detected in honey bee heads by qRT-PCR.The results showed that the learning ability of worker bees increased with age,and the learning ability of 6-day-old workers was lower than that of 12 and 18-day-old workers significantly(P<0.01).However,there was no significant difference in learning ability between 12 and 18-day-old workers(P>0.05),indicating that learning ability reached plateau after age of 12 d.Additionally,compared with bees which performed poorly on learning,the expression level of Mrjp1 was up-regulated significantly in the head of bees with good learning performances in all 3 groups(P<0.05);the expression levels of Obp16 and Obp18 were up-regulated significantly in the head of 12-day-old bees with good learning performances(P<0.05);the expression level of SLC18A was up-regulated significantly in the head of 18-day-old bees that demonstrated good learning performances(P<0.05).To summarize,4 learning-related genes displayed differential expression patterns in the head of bees in terms of learning performances,and the Mrjp1 was the most likely key candidate gene in regulating olfactory learning in the brain of bees.

关 键 词：意大利蜜蜂 日龄 嗅觉学习 学习相关基因 伸吻反应 

分 类 号：S891[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]