三江平原主栽水稻品种生育进程对温度的响应  

Response of Growth Process of Main Rice Varieties to Temperature in Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：马瑞[1] 黄成亮[1] 刘猷红 孟英[2] 董文军[2] 付久才[1] 刘伟[1] 王庆胜[1] MA Rui;HUANG Cheng-liang;LIU You-hong;MENG Ying;DONG Wen-jun;FU Jiu-cai;LIU Wei;WANG Qing-sheng(Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi 154007,China;Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 158006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2020年第11期24-28,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300501-04,2018YFD0200204-1);黑龙江省农业科学院应用研发项目(2020YYYF039)。

摘　　要：为确定三江平原地区水稻适宜播期,通过两年播期试验,对不同播期水稻的生育期、出苗至齐穗和齐穗至成熟阶段生育天数及其所需的多个温度指标进行分析。结果表明:随着播期推迟,出苗至齐穗期生育天数明显缩短,直接导致水稻全生育期的缩短;出苗至齐穗期的温度升高,其日均温度、日均最低温度显著升高,促进了出苗至齐穗期的生育进度加快,生育期缩短;出苗至齐穗期的日均最低温度与出苗至齐穗期生育天数负相关性更强,是限制三江平原水稻生长发育的重要环境因子;两年试验证明,播期推迟12d,活动积温(≥10℃)平均下降100℃左右,有效积温平均下降15.9~41.5℃;有效积温与活动积温相比,更能准确地反映水稻生育期间对热量的实际需求,有利于科学准确地描述水稻生育特性。In order to determine the suitable sowing date of rice in Sanjiang Plain,based on the two-year sowing date experiments,the growth days and several temperature indexes needed from emergence to full heading and from full heading to maturity of rice at different sowing dates were analyzed.The results showed that the growth days from emergence to full heading were significantly shortened due to the delay of sowing date,and the temperature from emergence to full heading was shortened due to the delay of sowing date.With the increase of temperature,the daily average temperature and the daily minimum temperature increased significantly,which accelerated the growth progress and shortened the growth period from emergence to full heading stage,and the daily minimum temperature from emergence to full heading stage had a stronger negative correlation with the growth days from emergence to full heading stage,which was an important environmental factor limiting the growth and development of rice in Sanjiang Plain.The two-year experiment showed that the sowing period was delayed 12 days and the activity accumulation was increased.The average temperature(≥10℃)decreased by about 100℃,and the average effective accumulated temperature decreased by 15.9-41.5℃.Compared with active accumulated temperature in the growth period,the effective accumulated temperature could more accurately reflect the actual demand for heat during the growth period of rice,which was conducive to the scientific and accurate description of the growth characteristics of rice.

关 键 词：水稻 播期 日平均温度 日均最低温度 活动积温 有效积温 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]