“主渠道”定位下的行政复议“司法化”反思——兼谈行政复议的改革方向  

Reflection on“Judicalization”of Administrative Review under“Main Channel”Position—with Particular Reference to the Reform Direction of Administrative Review

作　　者：马超 Ma Chao(Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学政治学系,北京100084

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2020年第6期37-45,共9页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“新行政诉讼法对行政复议法修改的影响研究”(项目编号:16SFB3012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“主渠道”与“司法化”代表了我国既往行政复议改革的两条主线,但二者之间实则存在紧张关系。与生发自国家实际治理需求的“主渠道”定位不同,“司法化”的改革主张主要来自学界的理论推演。从理论上看,“司法化”观点的形成源于学界对“司法控权”模式的过度推崇和对西方类似制度的简单描摹,而非出自于我国现实的国家治理需求;从实践上看,我国行政复议制度从建立伊始就内含着司法基因,且随着持续改革,其司法特性愈加鲜明,但这并未激发出预期的实践效果。分析发现,“司法化”实际上并不利于行政复议“主渠道”的实践确立,因而无法实现国家对行政复议的治理期望。在“主渠道”定位被国家重申为复议改革长期目标的情况下,本轮改革应当把握行政复议的治理属性,确立改革的效率导向,以与行政诉讼“趋异”而非“趋同”为主要方向设计复议制度,推动复议与诉讼的“优势互补”,避免“制度竞争”。Promoting the“Judicialization”development of administrative reconsideration is the mainstream view of reconsideration reform in the academic circles of China in the past.At the same time,the academic circles and the government have a consensus on the positioning of“making administrative reconsideration the main channel for resolving administrative disputes”.The formation of the theory of“Judicialization”originated from the excessive praise of the mode of“judicial control”and a simple description of similar systems in the Western World,rather than from the actual needs of national governance in China.Different from the criticism in the academic circles,the administrative reconsideration system in China has contained judicial genes from the beginning of its establishment,and its judicial characteristics have become more distinctive with continuous reforms.But this reform route has not yielded the desired results.The route of“Judicialization”is facing the cross-examination of practical rationality.It is found through analysis that there has always been a tension between the“Judicialization”reform and the positioning of the administrative reconsideration as the“main channel”for resolving administrative disputes,and“Judicialization”is not conducive to the establishment of administrative reconsideration as the“main channel”.This round of administrative reconsideration reform should be based on the policy orientation of administrative reconsideration as the“main channel”,grasp the governance attributes of administrative reconsideration,enhance its institutional attractiveness through efficiency transformation,and form the“complementary advantages”of the administrative reconsideration relative to administrative litigations.

关 键 词：司法化 主渠道 行政复议改革 司法控权 治理 

分 类 号：D922.112[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]