火炬松自由授粉子代生长、形质性状和产脂量的遗传变异分析  

Genetic Variation Analysis of Growth and Shape Traits and Resin Yield of Free-pollinated Progeny Test Forest in the Pinus taeda

作　　者：李赛楠[1] 杜澄举 周晓煦 蒋开彬 黄少伟[1] 刘天颐[1] LI Sainan;DU Chengju;ZHOU Xiaoxu;JIANG Kaibin;HUANG Shaowei;LIU Tianyi(South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm Resources in Guangdong Province,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China;Guangzhou Caomufan Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510510,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学/广东省森林植物种质资源创新与利用重点实验室,广东广州510642 [2]广州草木蕃环境科技有限公司,广东广州510510

出　　处：《林业与环境科学》2020年第5期10-15,共6页Forestry and Environmental Science

基　　金：国家林业局“948”项目(2014-4-72)、(2017YFD0600502-3)。

摘　　要：为了阐明火炬松Pinus taeda第三代遗传资源各家系生长、形质性状的遗传变异规律以及与产脂量之间的遗传相关性,调查火炬松第二代种子园6年生自由授粉子代测定林生长性状(树高、胸径、单株材积)和形质性状(轮枝数、分枝粗、分枝角),并利用近红外仪器预测火炬松产脂量。结果为:1)生长性状和形质性状具有较大的遗传改良潜力,其中单株材积变异系数最大,为37.77%,其次为轮枝数,变异系数为34.61%;2)除分枝粗外,各性状均存在显著或极显著的家系效应,单株材积、分枝角、树高、胸径、和轮枝数均受到中高度的遗传控制(h^2F=0.60~0.83);3)产脂量与轮枝数表现出中高度的遗传正相关(rG=0.5287),与胸径、树高呈遗传负相关(rG分别为-0.7350,-0.0096)。该子代测定林生长性状在家系间的差异较大,含有丰富的遗传变异;生长性状受较强的遗传控制,存在选育出材用优良家系的潜力;在今后的性状测定中,应对轮枝数等形质性状加以关注,作为选育高产脂优良品系的参考指标之一;火炬松第二代种子园遗传品质较优,应尽快解决种子园亲本开花结实问题,并开展多地点测定,加快良种的推广应用。To elucidate the genetic variation of growth and shape traits among families of the third generation genetic resources of Pinus taeda and their genetic correlation with resin yield.This study investigated the growth traits (tree height,DBH,individual volume) and morphological traits (wheel branch number,branch thickness,branch angle) of 6-year-old free pllinated progeny test forest in the second-generation seed orchard of P.taeda,and predicted the resin yield of P.taeda using near-infrared instruments.The results are as follows:1) Growth and morphological traits had great potential for genetic improvement,with the largest coefficient of variation per plant volume of 37.77%,followed by the wheel branch number,with a coefficient of variation of 34.61%.2) There were significant or extremely significant pedigree effects for each trait except branch thickness,and individual volume,branch angle,tree height,DBH,and wheel branch number were all under moderate to high genetic control (h^2_F=0.60 ~ 0.83).3) Resin yield showed a moderate to high genetic positive correlation with rotation (r_G=0.528 7) and a genetic negative correlation with DBH and tree height (r_G=-0.735 0,-0.009 6).The growth traits of this progeny test forest were quite different between families and contained abundant genetic variation;the growth traits were under strong genetic control and had the potential to select and breed excellent families for materials;in the future trait determination,attention should be paid to the shape traits such as the wheel branch number,which is one of the reference indicators for the selection and breeding of excellent lines with high resin yield;the genetic quality of the second generation seed orchard of P.taeda is better,and the problem of parental flowering and fruiting in the seed orchard should be solved as soon as possible,and multi-site determination should be carried out to accelerate the popularization and application of improved varieties.

关 键 词：火炬松 生长性状 形质性状 产脂量 遗传变异 

分 类 号：S791.255[农业科学—林木遗传育种]