湿烂田地稻茬麦旋耕灭茬施肥播种复式作业机设计与试验  

Design and test of multiple operation machine for rotation tillage,fertilization and sowing for wheat following rice in rotten farmlands

作　　者：李帅祥 王炜翔 薛金林[1] Li Shuaixiang;Wang Weixiang;Xue Jinlin(College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京市210031

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第10期28-34,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：江苏省农机新装备新技术研发与推广项目(NJ2018-11)。

摘　　要：在南方稻茬麦播种季节雨水较多、田块湿烂,应用现有的旱地施肥播种复式作业机械作业会导致种管堵塞、镇压辊黏土、沟型不整和沟内积土多等问题。为解决以上问题,设计一种适用于湿烂田地的集稻茬麦旋耕、灭茬、施肥、播种、选择性开沟功能于一体的复式作业机,提出复式作业机的总体改进方案,进行旋耕与后挡土装置、覆土装置、选择型开沟机等关键装置的结构设计,开展机具传动轴、旋耕部件、开沟抛土部件等运动部件的运动分析以及整机功耗计算,最后进行样机试制与试验。试验结果表明所设计的复式作业机能够一次完成旋耕、灭茬、施肥、播种、覆土、开沟作业;耕地平整,植被覆盖率达93.5%;种管防堵效果好,晾籽率为0.5%;开沟作业的沟型完整、沟槽清洁。所设计复式作业机的各项作业满足设计要求,能较好地适应高湿田地的作业环境。During the season of wheat planting following rice in South China,there are more rain and rotten farmland with high humidity,which will lead to some problems by using the existing multiple operation machine for dry farmland,such as seeding tube blockage,serious soil sticking in pressing roller,irregular ditch shape,and so on.In order to solve the above problems,this paper designs a kind of multiple operation machine for rotten farmland with high humidity,which integrates the operations of rotary tillage,stubble killing,fertilization,sowing and selective ditching.The overall improvement scheme of a multiple operation machine is put forward,and the structure design is conducted for the key device such as rotation tillage and soil retaining device,soil covering device and selective ditching device.Then,the motion analysis is carried out for the transmission shaft,rotary tillage part and soil throwing part,while the power consumption of the whole machine were calculated.Finally,the prototype was made and tested.The test results show that the designed compound operation machine can complete the rotary tillage,stubble elimination,fertilization,sowing,soil covering and trench opening at one time;the farmland is flat after rotary tillage,and the vegetation coverage rate is 93.5%;the planting tube has good anti-blocking effect,and the rate of wheat seeds on the surface is not more than 0.5%;the ditch has complete shape with clean groove.The designed machine meets the design requirements and can better adapt to the working environment of rotten farmland with high humidity.

关 键 词：湿烂田地 稻茬麦 旋耕灭茬 施肥播种 

分 类 号：S229[农业科学—农业机械化工程]