基于最小二乘法对旋耕后秸秆和土壤位移研究  

Study on displacement of straw and soil after rotation tillage based on least square method

作　　者：郭俊 刘玮[1] 沈文龙[2] 姚保军 Guo Jun;Liu Wei;Shen Wenlong;Yao Baojun(School of Automotive Engineering,Yancheng Institute of Technology,Yancheng,224051,China;Laboratory of Agricultural Intelligent Equipment,College of Engineering,Nanjing Agriculture University,Nanjing,210031,China)

机构地区：[1]盐城工学院汽车工程学院,江苏盐城224051 [2]南京农业大学工学院农业智能化装备实验室,南京市210031

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第10期211-215,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：校人才科研启动经费(xjr2019035)。

摘　　要：目前,对留茬小麦的田间耕作方式主要有两种,一种是直接利用反旋对其进行耕作,另一种先对其根茬进行灭茬,然后采用正旋耕作。本文针对两种作业方式以及不同的速比,采用同位素示踪法进行试验,并运用最小二乘法对作业后秸秆和土壤位移数据进行处理,最后根据该方法探讨了各速比下两者运动情况以及位移量的变化趋势。反旋作业下,土壤和秸秆位移受机具扰动较大,两者位移变化量分别为30~50 cm和25~55 cm,随着速比增加,土壤位移变化趋势为逐渐递减,秸秆位移变化趋势与土壤基本相同;正旋作业时,土壤和秸秆的位移变化量为30~40 cm和25~55 cm,随着速比增加,两者位移变化趋势均为先减后增。根据最小二乘法推对其位移变化进行线性和非线性描述,由LSD检验可知,纵向的秸秆和土壤位移变化,正旋作业时各速比下均无显著性差异,而在反旋作业时,均为线性递减,速比2是分界点;横向秸秆无论在正旋还是反旋作业,均无表现明显的差异。同理,根据该方法可以推导出未知速比下位移变化方程,从而更好了解秸秆和土壤的分布,以及秸秆腐解后土壤肥力分布状况,进而指导农业耕作和生产。At present,there are two main tillage models on leaving wheat stubble in the field,one is down-rotary directly,and another is up-rotary after stubble cleaning.In this paper,two kinds of tillage modes and different speed ratio are studied,and the reasonable experimental scheme is set up.The isotope tracer method is used for the experiment,and the least square method is used to process the displacement data of straw and soil after operation.Finally,according to this method,the movement situation and displacement change trend are discussed under different speed ratio.The displacement of soil and straw is greatly disturbed by tilling tools under the down-rotary operation.The displacement change values of the two are 30~50 cm and 25~55 cm respectively.With the increase of speed ratio,the trend of soil displacement decreases gradually,and the trend of straw displacement is basically the same as that of soil.Under the up-rotary operation,the displacement change values of soil and straw are 30~40 cm and 25~55 cm respectively,with the increase of speed ratio,the trend of displacement changes of both are first decreasing then increasing.According to the LSD test,there is no significant difference in the displacement of longitudinal straw and soil under the speed ratio of up-rotary operation,but linear decreasing under the down-rotary operation,and the speed ratio 2 is the dividing point;there is no significant difference in the displacement of horizontal straw in the up-rotary or down-rotary operation.In the same way,according to this method,we can deduce the displacement change equation under the unknown speed ratio,so as to better understand the distribution of straw and soil,and the distribution of soil fertility after straw decomposition,and then guide agricultural cultivation and production.

关 键 词：正反旋作业 同位素法 最小二乘法 秸秆 土壤位移 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]