川中丘区玉米氮高效品种筛选及增产潜力分析  

Screening of N-Efficient Maize Varieties and Analysis for Their Yield Increase Potentials in Central Sichuan Basin

作　　者：郭松[1] 曾祥忠[1] 陈琨[1] 卢庭启 上官宇先[1] 周子军 涂仕华[1] 秦鱼生[1] GUO Song;ZENG Xiangzhong;CHEN Kun;LU Tingqi;SHANG-GUAN Yuxian;ZHOU Zijun;TU Shihua;QIN Yusheng(Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu,Sichuan 610066;Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mianyang,Sichuan 621023)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066 [2]绵阳市农业科学研究院,四川绵阳621023

出　　处：《核农学报》2020年第11期2569-2577,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200700);四川省科技计划(2016JY0012);四川省财政创新能力提升工程(2016QNJJ-014);四川省农业科学院前沿学科研究基金(2019QYXK022)。

摘　　要：为探究高产氮高效玉米品种在减肥增效措施中的增产潜力,本研究通过对川中丘陵区近十年11个主推玉米品种在2个环境(简阳和中江)和3个氮水平[0(LN)、150(MN)和300 kg·hm^-2(HN)]下的田间产量及产量构成因子等进行方差和相关性分析,依据产量的基因型×氮互作效应对玉米品种进行氮效率分类,研究不同类型玉米的增产潜力以及与增产潜力有关的产量性状。结果表明,基因型、氮、环境及其互作显著影响玉米产量,基因型×氮互作显著影响穗粗和百粒重;11个试验玉米品种存在氮效率的基因型差异,包括双高效型、高氮高效型、耐低氮型和双低效型4种类型,其中双高效型和高氮高效型占总数的45.5%,其在HN和LN的增产潜力分别为6.74%~7.54%和9.88%~13.45%;高产氮高效品种(双高效型和高氮高效型)在2个试验点的节氮潜力差异较大,HN的节氮潜力可达19.18%以上;增产潜力与穗粗、百粒重等产量构成因子显著正相关;正红311、川单189和绵单1256在2个环境下均表现出高产氮高效品种特征。在川中丘陵区不同肥力的土壤上选择种植高产氮高效或耐低氮的玉米品种,通过合理施肥,可以达到增产/稳产和节氮增效的目的。本研究对川中丘陵区玉米高产氮高效品种的选育和推广应用具有重要理论意义。High yield and high nitrogen(N)efficiency maize breeding is one of the strategies to increase crop yield and simultaneously reduce fertilizer input.In the present study,11 commercial maize varieties were used to study kernel yield and ear characteristics at two locations(Jianyang and Zhongjiang)with LN,MN and HN nitrogen(0,150 and 300 kg N·hm^-2)rates in the Southwest China.ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to analyze all these yield component data.Nitrogen efficiency of maize cultivars were grouped according to genotype×nitrogen response interaction,in order to analyze yield increase potential and related yield components.We found that,grain yield was significantly affected by the interaction among genotype(G),nitrogen(N),and location(L).The ear diameter and 100-kernel weight were significantly influenced by interaction between genotype and N.There were differences in nitrogen efficiency genotype among 11 experimental maize varieties.Based on the average yields achieved with high or low N application,the tested varieties were classified into four types:Efficient-efficient,high-N efficient,low-N efficient and nonefficient-nonefficient under neither low nor high N inputs.High-yielding and N-efficient varieties(efficient-efficient and high-N efficient)was 45.5%of the total cultivar numbers used.efficient-efficient and high-N efficient varieties could potentially increase maize yield by 6.74~7.54%or 9.88~13.45%under either high or low N rates.And efficient-efficient and high-N efficient varieties showed different potential of reducing N input under different locations.Under HN rates,N input could be reduced more than 19.18%in high-yielding and N-efficient varieties.Percentage yield increase had a significant positive correlation between ear diameter and 100-kernel weight.Zhenghong 311,Chuandan189 and Miandan1256 showed a high-yielding and N-efficient potential at both locations.These results indicated that selecting and cultivating maize varieties with high-yielding and N-efficient potentials or low-N effic

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥 品种 高产氮高效 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]