不同育秧方式下播种量和插秧机具对水稻产量及群体质量的影响  

Effects of Seeding Amount and Transplanting Machines on Rice Yield and Population Quality Under Different Seedling Raising Methods

作　　者：张桥 向开宏 孙永健[1] 武云霞 郭长春[1] 唐源 刘芳艳 马均[1] ZHANG Qiao;XIANG Kaihong;SUN Yongjian;WU Yunxia;GUO Changchun;TANG Yuan;LIU Fangyan;MA Jun(Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Wenjiang,Sichuan 611130)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川温江611130

出　　处：《核农学报》2020年第11期2595-2606,共12页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项(2018YFD0301202、2016YFD0300506);四川省育种攻关专项(2016NYZ0051)。

摘　　要：为探究育秧方式、播种量配合插秧机具对机插稻移栽质量、产量及群体质量的影响,以杂交籼稻F优498为试验材料,采用三因素随机区组试验,设置2种育秧方式:营养土育秧和稀泥育秧,3个播种量:65、85和105 g/盘,2种插秧机具:4行手扶式插秧机和6行乘坐式高速插秧机,研究育种环节与插身机具融合对机插稻产量及其群体质量的影响。结果表明,育秧方式、播种量和插秧机具对机插稻稻谷产量的影响极显著,且互作效应显著。营养土育秧秧苗整齐度、机插均匀度、结实期干物质积累量较稀泥育秧平均提高了2.9%、0.7%、6.4%,稻谷产量、经济效益较稀泥育秧平均提高了1.4%、0.8%。随着播种量的增加,秧苗整齐度逐渐降低,机插均匀度、抽穗整齐度、群体干物质量、叶面积指数(LAI)、稻谷产量均呈先上升后下降的趋势。6行乘坐式高速插秧机较4行手扶式插秧机,机插均匀度更高,且抽穗整齐度、群体干物质重、群体生长率、齐穗期高效LAI均提高,实现平均增产5.6%,经济收益平均提高7.5%。综上,营养土育秧基础上,播种量85 g/盘,配套6行乘坐式高速插秧机机插能提高机插群体均匀度、优化群体质量,同步实现丰产与增效。本研究结果为机插稻生产提供了理论指导和实践依据。In order to explore the effects of seedling raising methods and seeding amount combined with transplanting machines on the quality,yield and population quality of machine transplanting rice,hybrid indica rice Fyou498 was used as test material and a three-factor random block test was used to set up two seedling raising methods:seedling raising by nutrient soil and slime seedling raising;3 seeding amount:65,85 and 105 g/plate;2 types of rice transplanting machines:4 rows of walk-on rice transplanters and 6 rows of riding high-speed rice transplanters,to study the effects of the combination of seeding raising and transplanting machines on the yield and population quality of mechanically transplanted.The results showed that the method of raising seedlings,the amount of seed and the transplanting machines had a significant effect on the yield of mechanically transplanted rice,and the interaction effect was significant.The uniformity,machine uniformity,and dry matter accumulation of seedlings in nutrient soil had increased by 2.39%~3.22%,0.26%~2.66%,0.88%~24.50%compared to thin mud seedlings.It was 1.30%~4.76%,0.24%~12.70%.With the increase of the seeding amount,the uniformity of the seedlings gradually decreased,the uniformity of machine cutting,the uniformity of heading,the dry matter weight of population,the leaf area index(LAI),and the yield all increased first and then decreased.The 6-row ride-on high-speed rice transplanter had higher uniformity than the 4-row walk-on rice transplanter.In addition,the uniformity of heading,dry matter weight of population,group growth rate,and efficient LAI at the earing stage increased realizing an increase in output of 3.59%~5.6%,and economic benefits increased by 7.5%.In summary,on the basis of nutrient soil seedling cultivation,the seeding amount is 85 g per plate,and the supporting 6-row ride-on high-speed rice transplanter can improve the uniformity of the machine-transplanting group,optimize the group quality,and achieve the simultaneous improvement of high yield and effici

关 键 词：机插稻 播种量 插秧机具 群体质量 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]