化学抗旱物对限根栽培番茄生长和品质的影响  

The Influence of Anti-Drought Chemical Agents on Growth and Quality of Shallow-Root Tomato

作　　者：岳焕芳 王克武[1] 安顺伟[1] 胡潇怡 孟范玉[1] 王志平[1] YUE Huanfang;WANG Kewu;AN Shunwei;HU Xiaoyi;MENG Fanyu;WANG Zhiping(Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第11期47-54,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：北京市果类蔬菜产业创新团队(BAIC01-2020);北京市农业局科技新星项目(PXM2020_036204_000048_00391389_FCG);北京市主要农作物精准水肥一体化技术集成与推广项目(PXM2020_036204_000019_00391278_FCG)。

摘　　要：【目的】提高作物抗旱能力,筛选蔬菜适用的化学抗旱物质,研究不同抗旱物质在设施蔬菜上的应用效果。【方法】以番茄作为供试对象,在结果期进行3次叶面喷施,对比3种化学抗旱物质:薄膜型抗蒸腾剂、代谢型抗蒸腾剂、2,4表芸苔素内酯的供试效果,以清水喷施作为对照(CK),研究化学抗旱物对番茄株高、茎粗等生长指标,产量和品质,以及SOD、MDA和脯氨酸等抗旱调控物质的影响。【结果】3个处理的番茄茎粗整个生育期平均比CK提高了9.17%、10.73%和22.09%;2,4表芸苔素内酯和代谢型抗蒸腾剂的SPAD值整个生育期大于其他处理,2,4表芸苔素内酯的SPAD值整个生育期比CK平均提高了4.7%;在生长后期2,4表芸苔素内酯处理的番茄植株萎蔫指数比CK低9%;2,4表芸苔素内酯处理的SOD量为4.59 U/g,高于其他处理;3个处理的16种氨基酸总量分别比CK提高了60.7%、58.9%和58.9%,脯氨酸量分别比CK提高了133.3%、133.3%和130%。代谢型抗蒸腾剂和2,4表芸苔素内酯单株产量分别比CK提高了5.4%和18.5%,番茄果实可溶性总糖量分别比CK分别提高了10.5%和14.6%。【结论】综合分析,2,4表芸苔素内酯和代谢型抗蒸腾剂效果最佳,在结果期叶面喷施3次,可以显著提高番茄的抗旱能力。【Background】 With living standard improving, the demand for high-quality vegetables has been increasing.Deficit irrigation by deliberately thirsting the roots for a limited period has proven effective to improve fruit quality of tomato by increasing the content of soluble substances and fruit taste.In the meantime, it has been found that spraying anti-drought chemical agents on the leaves was effective to slow down leaf wilting and to ameliorate the yield reduction caused by water stress in the deficit irrigation.While different anti-drought chemical agents are available, there is a lack of consensus on their efficacy on different crops.【Objective】The aim of this paper is to fill this knowledge gap by comparative experiments.【Method】 The experiment was carried out in a tomato field at Miyun, Beijing.The deficit irrigation was introduced at the fruiting stage and we compared three types of anti-transpiration agents by spraying them three times over the leaves during the fruiting stage: film-forming anti-transpiration agent, metabolic anti-transpiration agent, and 24-epbrassinolide agent.The control was to spray the leaves simultaneously with water.In each experiment, we measured the growth indexes, yield and fruit quality of the tomato.The effects of the anti-drought agents on substances like SOD, MDA and Pro were also measured.【Result】All three anti-drought agents improved wilting and promoted tomato growth under water stress, increasing the average stem diameter by 9.17%~22.09%, compared to the CK.Compared with other treatments, both 24-epbrassinolide and metabolic agents increased SPAD content, with the 24-epbrassinolide agent increasing the average SPAD by 4.7% and reducing the wilting index in the later growth stage by 9% compared to the CK.The SOD content under 24-epibrassinolide treatment was 4.59 U/g, higher than that in other treatments.The three treatments increased the contents of the sixteen amino acids by 60.7%, 58.9% and 58.9% respectively, and the content of Pro by 133.3%, 133.3% and

关 键 词：薄膜型抗蒸腾剂 代谢型抗蒸腾剂 24-表芸苔素内酯 限根栽培 番茄 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S365[农业科学—园艺学]