晋西黄土区典型林分枯落物层水文生态特性研究  

Hydrological and Ecological Characteristics of Typical Stand Litter Layer in the Loess Region of Western Shanxi Province

作　　者：马晓至 毕华兴[1,2,3,4,5,6] 王珊珊 崔艳红 赵丹阳 云慧雅 侯贵荣 MA Xiaozhi;BI Huaxing;WANG Shanshan;CUI Yanhong;ZHAO Danyang;YUN Huiya;HOU Guirong(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Ji County Station,Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network(CNERN),Beijing 100083;Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation,Forestry Administration(Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation(Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083;Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering,Ministry of Education(Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083;Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees,Beijing 102206)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100083 [3]水土保持国家林业局重点实验室(北京林业大学),北京100083 [4]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心(北京林业大学),北京100083 [5]林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心(北京林业大学),北京100083 [6]北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心,北京102206

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2020年第6期77-83,88,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“黄土残塬沟壑区水土保持型景观优化与特色林产业技术及示范”(2016YFC0501704);国家自然科学基金面上项目“晋西黄土区水土保持林林分结构与功能耦合机理研究”(31971725);科技创新服务能力建设—科研基地建设—林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心(2011协同创新中心)项目(PXM2019_014207_000099)。

摘　　要：选择山杨栎类次生林(以下简称次生林)、刺槐林、侧柏林、油松林为研究对象,通过样地调查,结合室内浸泡方法,对比分析枯落物(未分解层、半分解层)的水文特征指标,研究典型林分枯落物层水文生态特性。结果表明:(1)枯落物厚度为3.93~4.95 cm,刺槐林最大,油松林最小;蓄积量为次生林最大(19.28 t/hm^2),侧柏林(18.03 t/hm^2)和刺槐林(17.57 t/hm^2)次之,油松林最小(14.73 t/hm^2),未分解层蓄积量小于半分解层。(2)枯落物最大持水量(率)为30.92~61.31 t/hm^2(197%~320%),次生林最大,依次为刺槐林、侧柏林,最小为油松林。(3)枯落物有效拦蓄存在显著差异(P>0.05),表现为次生林(31.29 t/hm^2)>刺槐(22.20 t/hm^2)>侧柏(18.19 t/hm^2)>油松(13.94 t/hm^2),有效拦蓄率为107%~173%。(4)在浸水2 h内,枯落物持水量和吸水速率变化以次生林与刺槐林最为迅速,半分解层较未分解层变化迅速;持水过程中,两者与时间分别呈对数函数(R 2>0.89)和幂函数关系(R 2>0.99)。在4种林地中,次生林林下枯落物水文生态潜力最优,油松纯林最差,表现为次生林>刺槐>侧柏>油松。刺槐是除次生林外的3种人工林中最优林种。建议研究区内合理优化恢复树种配置,以提高水文生态功能。In this paper,the secondary forests of Populus and Quercus(hereinafter referred to as secondary forests),Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Platycladus orientalis forest,and Pinus tabulaeformis forest were selected as the research objects.Through sample survey and indoor immersion method,to compare and analyze the hydrological characteristics of litter(undecomposed layer,semi-decomposed layer),and study the hydrological and ecological characteristics of litter layer in typical forest stands.The results showed that:(1)The thickness of litter is 3.93 to 4.95 cm.The largest was R.pseudoacacia forest,and the smallest was P.tabulaeformis forest.The largest volume was secondary forest(19.28 t/hm^2),followed by P.orientalis forest(18.03 t/hm^2)and R.pseudoacacia forest(17.57 t/hm^2),the smallest was P.tabulaeformis forest(14.73 t/hm^2).The accumulation of undecomposed layers was less than that of semi-decomposed layers.(2)The maximum water holding capacity(rate)of litter was 30.92 to 61.31 t/hm^2(197%to 320%),the secondary forest was the largest,followed by R.pseudoacacia forest,P.orientalis forest,and the smallest was P.tabulaeformis forest.(3)There was a significant difference in effective storage of litters(P>0.05),which was represented by secondary forest(31.29 t/hm^2)>R.pseudoacacia(22.20 t/hm^2)>P.orientalis(18.19 t/hm^2)>P.tabulaeformis(13.94 t/hm^2).The effective storage rate was 107%to 173%.(4)Within 2 hours of immersion,the water holding capacity and water absorption rate of litter in secondary forest and black locust forest changed most rapidly.The semi-decomposed layer changed faster than the undecomposed layer.In the process of holding water,the two had logarithmic function(R 2>0.89)and power function relationship(R 2>0.99)with time.Among the four types of forest land,the hydrological potential of litter in secondary forests was the best,and that of pure P.tabulaeformis forest was the worst.The potential of hydrological characteristics was secondary forest>R.pseudoacacia>P.orientalis>P.tabulaeformis.R.pseudoacacia

关 键 词：典型林分 枯落物 最大持水量 有效拦蓄量 水文生态 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]