华北寒旱区作物轮作的生产效应  

Productivity evaluation of crop rotation in cold and arid region of Northern China

作　　者：姚兆磊 张继宗[1,2] 杜玉琼 刘玉华 张立峰[1,2] YAO Zhao-Lei;ZHANG Ji-Zong;DU Yu-Qiong;LIU Yu-Hua;ZHANG Li-Feng(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Zhangbei Agricultural Resource and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhangjiakou 076450,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000 [2]农业农村部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,河北张家口076450

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第12期1923-1932,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201503120);河北省重点研发计划项目(18227004D)资助。

摘　　要：为明确华北寒旱区主栽作物的茬口适应性机制与轮作效果,提出适宜区域种植的轮作组合,本研究于2015—2019年采用交叉式设计,对马铃薯、蚕豆、饲用玉米、莜麦、甜菜5种作物进行了以年际间为重复的轮作定位试验。结果表明,各茬口马铃薯、莜麦、甜菜产量分别是连作的1.30~1.68、1.28~1.48、1.25~1.48倍,甜菜茬蚕豆产量较连作减产10.58%,莜麦茬、甜菜茬饲用玉米产量较连作减产9.10%~15.42%;10种轮作组合的轮作土地当量比(LERr)值为1.09~1.68,与连作相比,均表现为有利效应,其中莜麦→马铃薯、甜菜→马铃薯、饲用玉米→马铃薯、蚕豆→马铃薯、莜麦→甜菜的LERr值较高。蚕豆、饲用玉米作物耐连作;就产量而言,华北寒旱区适宜种植的轮作组合为莜麦→马铃薯、甜菜→马铃薯、饲用玉米→马铃薯、蚕豆→马铃薯和莜麦→甜菜。To understand mechanisms of crop adaptability to various previous crop croppings,evaluate crop performance on the croppings,and identify suitable crop combinations for rotation of major crops in the cold and arid region of Northern China.A five-year field experiment was conducted using five crops from 2015 to 2019,including potato(Solanum tuberosum),faba bean(Vicia faba),forage maize(Zea mays),oat(Avena sativa),and beet(Beta vulgarwas).Yields of potato,oat,and beet in rotation were 1.30–1.68,1.28–1.48,and 1.25–1.48 times of those in continuous cropping of single crops,respectively.Yield of faba bean on beet cropping was 10.58%lower than that of continuous faba bean while yield of forage maize on oat or beet stubble was 9.10%–15.42%lower than that of continuous forage maize.The LERr of 10 crop combinations was 1.09–1.68,indicating positive effects of rotation.Combinations of oat→potato,beet→potato,forage maize→potato and faba bean→potato had higher LERr,indicating faba bean and forage maize might be more durable of continuous cropping.In terms of productivity,suitable crop combinations for rotation in the area were oat→potato,beet→potato,forage maize→potato,faba bean→potato and oat→beet.

关 键 词：华北寒旱区 作物 轮作 土地当量比 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]