新疆冬小麦品种农艺及产量性状遗传多样性分析  

Genetic diversity analysis of winter wheat landraces and modern bred varieties in Xinjiang based on agronomic traits

作　　者：马艳明 冯智宇[1] 王威 张胜军[3] 郭营 倪中福[1] 刘杰[1] MA Yan-Ming;FENG Zhi-Yu;WANG Wei;ZHANG Sheng-Jun;GUO Ying;NI Zhong-Fu;LIU Jie(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Prefecture,Yining 835011,Xinjiang,China;College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [2]新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]伊犁州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁835011 [4]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第12期1997-2007,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技部、财政部国家农作物种质资源共享服务平台(新疆)项目(NICGR2015-029)资助。

摘　　要：产量是小麦育种最重要的目标性状之一,而农艺性状能直观反映品种的优劣。为了研究新疆冬小麦品种资源农艺、产量性状遗传多样性演变以及对不同生态环境的适应性,本研究以134份新疆冬小麦地方品种和54份现代育成品种为材料,分别在新疆乌鲁木齐、新疆伊宁和山东泰安3个不同的生态试验点进行了连续2年的田间种植和农艺性状观察。结果表明, 9个农艺及产量性状的广义遗传力由大到小排序依次为:株高>粒宽>籽粒长宽比>穗长>小穗数>千粒重>穗粒数>粒长>结实小穗数。进一步对9个农艺性状相关性进行分析,证明各性状之间并不是相互独立的,而是彼此相互关联。对新疆冬小麦地方品种与育成品种在不同生态环境下农艺性状的差异进行比较发现,地方品种的株高、穗长、籽粒长宽比大于育成品种,而穗粒数、千粒重、粒长、粒宽均小于育成品种,育成品种农艺及产量性状的变异系数高于地方品种,体现出近年来新疆小麦育种对株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、籽粒长宽比等农艺性状的重点改良。以上研究结果可为不同地域小麦育种亲本的选择提供重要的参考依据。Grain yield is one of the most important goals in wheat breeding,and agronomic or yield-related traits can directly reflect the characteristics of varieties.In order to determine the evolution of genetic diversity in agronomic traits of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties and their adaptabilities to different ecological environments,134 winter wheat landraces and 54 moderns bred varieties from Xinjiang were selected for agronomic trait investigation.They were planted in three different ecological environments(Urumqi and Yining in Xinjiang province,and Tai’an in Shandong province)for two consecutive growth seasons,and nine agronomic and yield-related traits were surveyed and analyzed.The estimated broad sense heritability of nine agronomic and yield traits was in descending order:plant height>grain width>grain length/width ratio>spike length>spikelet number>thousandkernel weight>grain number per spike>grain length>fertile spikelet number.Correlation analyses of nine agronomic and yield traits showed that these traits were correlated with each other.It was found that the plant height,spike length and grain length/width ratio of landraces were higher than that in modern bred varieties,but the grain number per spike,thousand kernel weight,grain length and grain width in landraces were less than that in modern bred varieties.However,the correlation coefficient of these nine traits was higher in modern bred varieties than that in landraces.These variations reflected the evolution of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties in agronomic traits in recent years.This study may provide important information for breeders to select the breeding parents in different winter wheat regions.

关 键 词：新疆 冬小麦 地方品种 育成品种 农艺及产量性状 多样性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]