阿尔茨海默症患者语言障碍研究现状和进展——基于病理语言学的实验研究综述  

Studies on Alzheimer’s Patients’Language Impairments——An Overview of Experimental Studies Within the Framework of Pathological Linguistics

作　　者：刘红艳 LIU Hong-yan(Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Human Language,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China;School of Foreign Languages,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学人工智能与人类语言重点实验室,北京市100089 [2]北京工商大学外国语学院,北京市100048

出　　处：《外语电化教学》2020年第5期72-78,11,共8页Technology Enhanced Foreign Language Education

基　　金：国家社科基金资助项目“基于多模态语料库的正常老年人和老年阿尔茨海默症患者语言蚀失及大脑机制对比研究”(项目编号:19BYY080)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默症是一种以进行性认知障碍和记忆能力损害为主的中枢神经系统退行性变性疾病。对阿尔茨海默症患者语言障碍的研究涉及语言学、神经心理学和脑认知科学。本文从两方面梳理了有关阿尔茨海默症患者语言障碍的实验研究:一是对音位、找词困难、句法、话语层面语言障碍的实验研究;二是基于眼动、脑电及脑成像等技术对患者语言障碍认知神经机制的实验研究。这些研究表明,目前相关实验研究主要集中在患者话语的词汇、句法及语义等方面,对患者语言使用的复杂性关注不够。亟待从交际语用角度对患者自然话语进行基于多模态语料库的系统研究。期待从事认知科学、言语治疗及相关领域研究的专家学者进一步研究阿尔茨海默症患者交际和认知关系的内在神经机制,以探索患者语言障碍康复治疗的有效途径。Alzheimer’s disease(AD),which was first described by the German psychiatrist and neurologist Alois Alzheimer(1907),is a condition which results in a gradual and initially subtle deterioration of intellectual and eventually physical abilities,including memory and perceptual deficits,change in personality,loss of reasoning capacity,difficulty in maintaining attention,orientation,learning,and differential language loss.Elderly speakers suffering from Alzheimer’s dementia,the most common form of dementia,experience language impairments which need to be studied as a part of neurolinguistic study,ranging over linguistics,neuropsychology and cognitive science.Studies on Alzheimer’s patients’language impairments and discourse disabilities started in the 1980 s,and unbalanced contribution between researches carried out in the Europe and the Asian-Pacific region highlights the need of studying the discourse data of Alzheimer’s speakers in Asian-Pacific region,especially in China.As a new field of study,the study on discourse of Chinese AD patients from linguistic perspectives began a decade ago,with rather limited literature offering insight into potential disease effects on language and the relationship between language impairments and cognition.Based on previous studies carried out by psycholinguists,neurologists and speech pathologists,with speech samples elicited in clinical settings,this paper presents two main streams of research on the experimental study of Alzheimer’s discourse.One covers the analyses of phonology,wordfinding difficulty,syntax and discourse level,and the other involves researches on Alzheimer’s patients’cognitive neural mechanism of language impairments by means of eyetracking,EEG and brain imaging technology.As to communication abilities AD is characterized by losses in relation to word-finding abilities,ability to produce relatively complex sentences,and ability to self-correct,to control the topic and process language rapidly,and also by the confusion of cohesive devices,the use

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默症患者 语言障碍 实验研究 神经机制 

分 类 号：H319.3[语言文字—英语]