华美白鳞伞——口蘑科中国新记录种  

Leucopholiota decorosa:a newly recorded species of Tricholomataceae(Agaricaceae)in China

作　　者：王术荣[1] 原渊 刘洋 孟俊龙[1] WANG Shurong;YUAN Yuan;LIU Yang;MENG Junlong(College of Food Science and Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2020年第5期599-603,共5页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：山西农业大学引进人才科研启动项目(2014YJ18);山西农谷建设科研专项(SXNGJSKYZX201903);食用菌山西省科技创新重点团队项目(201805D131009)。

摘　　要：在2017—2018年间对华北口蘑科(Tricholomataceae)物种分布的调查中,于山西省吕梁市交城县庞泉沟国家级自然保护区采集到1个白鳞伞属(Leucopholiota)物种,采用形态学和分子生物学方法对其进行了鉴定。通过野外记录新鲜标本的形态、生长环境和生态特点,并利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对其显微形态进行详细观察和测量发现,其主要特征为:菌盖直径3.0~5.5 cm,表面覆盖有大量锈褐色的内弯鳞片;菌褶白色,边缘锯齿状,弯生;菌柄长2.5~5.1 cm,直径0.5~1.0 cm,从底部到菌环处表面覆盖有与菌盖表面一样的锈褐色鳞片,菌环以上表面光滑;孢子大小(4.11~5.95)μm×(3.19~4.09)μm,淀粉质,透明,椭圆形;担子大小(15.38~20.89)μm×(5.21~6.08)μm;缘囊体大小(14.70~21.30)μm×(3.52~5.38)μm,近棒状或近纺锤形。通过rDNA的内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)特异性扩增和序列比对,发现其与华美白鳞伞(Leucopholiota decorosa)的序列相似度高达99.2%。综合形态学、分子鉴定以及系统进化等分析,将采自腐生于白桦树上的上述物种鉴定为华美白鳞伞,系中国白鳞伞属的新记录种。One species of Leucopholiota was collected from Pangquangou National Nature Reserve in Jiaocheng County,Lüliang City of Shanxi Province during the investigation on species diversity of Tricholomataceae from 2017 to 2018,and it was identified by morphological and molecular methods.The morphological,growing habitat and ecological characteristics were recorded by fresh specimens in the field and the microscopical characters were examined and measured in detail under an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope.Its main characters were as follows:the surface of pileus was dry with 3.0-5.5 cm in diameter,and covered with numerous,introvert and rusty-brown scales;the lamella was white,crowed,serrated on the edge,slightly depressed at the border with stipes,which was 2.5-5.1 cm long and 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter,and covered with rusty-brown scales as that on the surface of pileus from the bottom of stipes to the rings and with smooth stipes on the upper part of rings;spores were(4.11-5.95)μm×(3.19-4.09)μm,amyloid,hyaline,and oblong;basidia was(15.38-20.89)μm×(5.21-6.08)μm;cheilocystidia was(14.70-21.30)μm×(3.52-5.38)μm,nearly clavate or fusiform,hyaline,with a pointed bump at the top.The internal transcribed spacer(ITS)district of rDNA extracted from this species was specifically amplified and a fragment with 651 bp was acquired.The amplified sequence was similarity with Leucopholiota decorosa at a level of 99.2%.With combinations of morphology,molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis,the species collected on the rotten wood of Betula platyphylla Suk.was identified as L.decorosa,which is the first recorded species of Leucopholiota in China.It provides a basis for the research on the genus Leucopholiota in China.

关 键 词：白鳞伞属 鉴定 内转录间隔区 新记录 

分 类 号：Q949.329[生物学—植物学]