黑龙江苜蓿炭疽病病原鉴定及其生物学特性  

Identification and biological characteristics of Colletotrichum americae-borealis causing alfalfa anthracnose in Heilongjiang

作　　者：张梨梨 罗庭 李彦忠[1] ZHANG Lili;LUO Ting;LI Yanzhong(Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education/State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心/兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学甘肃省西部草业技术创新中心/兰州大学草业科学国家级实验教学示范中心/兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第10期2057-2068,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT_17R50);甘肃省科技重大专项计划草类植物种质创新与品种选育(19ZD2NA002);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303057);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34);南志标院士工作站(2018IC074)。

摘　　要：2019年对黑龙江省2龄栽培紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)进行病害调查,发现部分苜蓿茎秆表面出现大量卵圆形或不规则形的黑色小病斑,病斑发展后期相互融合,严重破坏韧皮组织。本研究鉴定了其病原,并对病原菌生物学特性进行了研究。经形态学鉴定、多基因联合测序分析和致病性测定,将该病病原鉴定为北美炭疽菌(Colletotrichum americae-borealis)。生物学特性研究结果表明,病原菌生长和产孢最适培养基为PDA,生长速率和产孢量分别为1.02 cm·d^–1和1.3×10^6个·mL^–1,显著高于其他培养基(P<0.05);最适氮源为蛋白胨,生长速率和产孢量分别为0.91 cm·d^–1和1.8×10^5个·mL^–1,显著高于其他氮源(P<0.05)。以葡萄糖为碳源时,产孢量显著高于其他碳源(P<0.05),为3.6×10^6个·mL^–1;以可溶性淀粉和蔗糖为碳源时,菌丝生长速率为0.82 cm·d^–1,显著高于其他碳源(P<0.05)。In August 2019,a disease survey was conducted on the 2nd-age cultivated alfalfa(Medicago sativa)in Minzhu Township,Daowai District,Heilongjiang Province.Symptoms appeared oval or irregular,small black spotson the surface of the alfalfa stalks.This disease can seriously damage phoem tissue.This study identified the pathogen and the biological characteristics of the pathogen.According to both morphological characteristics,analysis of multiple loci,and pathogenicity test,the pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum americae-borealis.Studies on the biological characteristics of pathogen showed that the optimal medium,nitrogen source and carbon source for mycelial growth of C.americae-borealis were PDA,peptone,soluble starch and sucrose,with 1.02,0.91 and 0.82 cm·d^–1,respectively;the optimum sporulation conditions were PDA,peptone and glucose,with 1.3×10^6,1.8×10^5 and 3.6×10^6 spore·mL^–1,respectively.

关 键 词：苜蓿炭疽病 病原鉴定 生物学特性 北美炭疽菌 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]