何为“病人”:“伤寒玛丽”事件与“健康带菌者”概念的形塑  

A Case Study on “Typhoid Mary” and the Shape of the Concept of “Healthy Carrier”

作　　者：王骏 王昵双 WANG Jun;WANG Nishuang(Department of Philosophy,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2020年第3期416-424,共9页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要："伤寒玛丽"事件,使发展中的细菌学造就了医学及公共卫生事业观念的变化。"健康带菌者"玛丽被发现与隔离,在实质上宣布了细菌学在公共卫生与医学中的胜利,借助新科学观点的公共卫生也获得了更高的权威。"伤寒玛丽"事件或可以用不同的视角来解读,大多数描述是一种"胜利者"的辉格史观。文章通过打破这一简单化叙述,展现一个更加完整的"伤寒玛丽"的故事以及"健康带菌者"概念的传播与一种新的"带菌文化"的形成过程。这段历史也反映了科学知识与社会文化的相互建构过程。"Typhoid Mary" may be interpreted from different perspectives. Some medical history and popular science works oversimplify the description of this historical event, which is a kind of "winner", or Whig view of history. Before the "Typhoid Mary" incident, the booming bacteriology had already caused some change in the concept of medicine and public health, the investigation of Mary Mallon, the "healthy carrier", essentially announced the victory of bacteriology in public health and medicine. With the help of new scientific views, public health management gained higher authority than before. The process of interacting between "Typhoid Mary" and society has helped the formation of the concept "healthy carrier". This history reflects how scientific knowledge interacts with social construction. This paper attempts to present a more complete "Typhoid Mary" story, describing a newly formed "Carrier Culture".

关 键 词：玛丽·梅隆 伤寒玛丽 健康带菌者 

分 类 号：NO9[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R1