张衡地动仪立柱验震的复原与研究  

ZHANG Heng’s Seismograph: Research and Reconstruction of Its Pillar Detection Model

作　　者：胡宁生[1] HU Ningsheng(Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology,National Astronomical Obsen^atory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京天文光学技术研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2020年第3期425-434,共10页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：中国科学技术史学会;中国科学院科学传播局;中国科学院南京天文仪器有限公司;中国科学院南京天文光学技术研究所。

摘　　要：关于张衡地动仪的复原,130年来学者们提出多种模型。其中立柱模型往往被否定,因为立柱验震被断定是不可能实现的。本文对立柱验震进行分析,指出前人实验失败是因为都没有充分认识到立柱验震的力学原理。根据力学原理列出的立柱验震的一系列必要条件,并用汉代工艺成功制作了三台立柱验震演示仪实物。立柱模型必需在立柱下面安排一个精密的小"着地面",首先必须对立柱下的支承面进行置平调整和对立柱的重心进行平衡调整。立柱验震现场演示通过专家的鉴定,获得成功,为张衡地动仪的正名和复原提供了新的可靠的依据。For more than 130 years, many models have been proposed for the reconstruction of Zhang Heng’s seismograph. Among them, the pillar model is often negated because it is concluded that the seismic detection with the pillar model is impossible. In this paper, the author analyzes the seismic detection with the pillar, and points out that the failure of previous experiments is due to their being unable to fully understand the mechanical principle of seismic detection with the pillar. Applying mechanic principles and adopting Han Dynasty techniques, the author has successfully constructed three working models to demonstrate the upright pillar style of seismograph. The pillar model requires the arrangement a precise small "landing" under the pillar, and the beforehand adjustment of the bearing surface under the pillar and the balance of the center of gravity of the pillar. The on-site demonstration of pillar model’s seismic detection test has been witnessed by experts, which provides a new and reliable basis for the reappreciation and reconstruction of Zhang Heng’s seismograph.

关 键 词：张衡地动仪 立柱验震 悬摆验震 倒立摆验震 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] O369[理学—流体力学]