基于光谱信息的玉米变量追肥控制系统优化设计与试验  

Optimal Design and Experiment of Variable Topdressing Control System for Corn Based on Spectral Information

作　　者：赵学观[1,2] 王秀 何亚凯[1,2] 窦汉杰 翟长远 ZHAO Xueguan;WANG Xiu;HE Yakai;DOU Hanjie;ZHAI Changyuan(Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第11期37-44,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200608)。

摘　　要：基于近地光谱信息的玉米变量追肥技术是实现氮肥科学合理施用的有效途径。为提高追肥控制系统的光谱信息获取精度及控制精度,对光谱传感器布置方式及系统控制方法进行了优化设计,并进行了田间追肥试验。对行式及分布式布置方式对比试验表明:光谱传感器分布式布置方式采集NDVI优于对行式布置方式,获取NDVI均值平均提高6.4%,方差平均降低0.038。NDVI采集数据采用滑动窗口均值滤波算法进行滤波,滑动窗口边长为15,均方差为0.0079。系统响应特性试验表明,系统的平均响应时间为1.5 s,平均稳态误差绝对值为0.775 r/min,平均超调量为10.6%,系统在排肥轮工作转速范围内具有较高的控制精度。田间施肥量控制效果评价试验表明,排肥理论转速与监测转速的平均相对误差为3.35%,可以实现精准施肥的目标。The technology of variable topdressing based on canopy spectral reflectance information is an effective way to realize the scientific and reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer.In order to improve the precision of spectrum information and topdressing control system,the arrangement of spectrum sensor and the optimization of system control method were carried out.Finally,the field experiment of topdressing was carried out.The comparison test of upright mode and distributed arrangement mode showed that the distributed arrangement of spectrum sensor was better than that of upright mode.The average value of NDVI was increased by 6.4%,and the variance was reduced by 0.038.NDVI acquisition data was filtered by sliding window mean filtering algorithm.The sliding window size was 15 and the mean square error was 0.0079.The system response test showed that the average response time of the system was 1.5 s,the absolute value of the average steady-state error was 0.775 r/min,and the average overshoot was 10.6%.The system had a high control accuracy in the range of working speed of fertilizer wheel.The results of field fertilization control showed that the average relative error between theoretical rotation speed and monitoring rotation speed was 3.35%,which could achieve the goal of precision fertilization.

关 键 词：玉米 变量追肥 光谱信息 排肥控制 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学]