甜菜收获机齿板式切顶装置设计与试验  

Design Optimization and Experiment of Tooth-plate Topping Device of Sugar Beet Harvester

作　　者：王方艳[1] 张振宇 张钦 王欣 WANG Fangyan;ZHANG Zhenyu;ZHANG Qin;WANG Xin(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;College of Architectural Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,青岛266109 [2]青岛农业大学建筑工程学院,青岛266109

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第11期168-175,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701200);国家自然科学基金项目(51505246、51775290)。

摘　　要：针对甜菜机械化收获切顶过程中存在的漏切、少切及块根损伤等问题,研究了一种齿板式甜菜切顶装置。对切顶过程中甜菜进行受力分析,明确了切顶装置运动的随机特性及其关键影响因素。结合切顶装置的工作原理及运动空间,确定了仿形器的连架杆为300 mm、连杆为220 mm、齿板间距为40 mm、限位板高度为100 mm、超前量为25 mm、安装角为45°。根据切顶器工作的特殊位置点,确定了齿板的轮廓曲线,提高了切顶装置的工作适应性。借助Design-Expert软件进行试验设计及数据处理,获得切顶装置各因素与评价指标的数学回归模型,明确了前进速度、弹簧力对切顶合格率、多切率的影响规律,并确定了较优参数组合。进行了田间试验验证,结果表明,当前进速度为1.0 m/s、弹簧力为23 N时,甜菜切顶合格率为99.6%,比平板式切顶装置提高6个百分点,多切率为0.95%,比平板式切顶装置降低1.15个百分点,符合甜菜切顶收获指标要求。Aiming at the problems that the existing topping device has high requirements on the shape of green head,tassel leaf state and plant spacing,and poor adaptability,etc.,a tooth-plate beet topping device was studied.Through the analysis of the motion characteristics of the beet topping device,the stochastic characteristics of the motion of topping device and key influencing factors of the stress of sugar beet were clarified.Combining the working principle and movement space of the topping device,the key structure and parameters were determined to ensure the smooth top surface and low resistance.The connecting rod of the profiler was determined to be 300 mm,the connecting rod was 220 mm,the pitch of tooth plate was 40 mm,the height of limit plate was 80 mm,the lead distance was 25 mm and the installation angle was 45°.According to the special position of the top cutter,the contour curve of the tooth plate was determined,and the working adaptability of the topping device was improved.With the help of Design-Expert software,a mathematical regression model of the key factors and evaluation indicators was obtained,and the influence law of forward speed and spring force on the pass rate and multi-cut rate was determined.Through parameter index optimization,the optimal parameter combination was determined:the forward speed was 1.0 m/s,and the spring force was 23 N.Field tests showed that tooth-plate topping device was better than the flat cutting device,the pass rate was 99.6%,and the multi-cutting rate was 0.95%,which met the requirements of the beet topping harvest index.

关 键 词：甜菜收获机 齿板式 切顶装置 

分 类 号：S225.72[农业科学—农业机械化工程]