覆膜滴灌对温室番茄土壤理化性状及其生物学特性的影响  

Effects of film-mulched drip irrigation on the physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of tomato soil in a greenhouse

作　　者：王京伟 王磊元[3] 李元 牛文全[2,5] WANG Jing-wei;WANG Lei-yuan;LI Yuan;NIU Wen-quan(School of Resources and Environment,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Taiyuan 030006,Shanxi,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;School of Public Administration,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Taiyuan 030006,Shanxi,China;Northwest Land and Resources Research Center,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,710119,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学资源环境学院,山西太原030006 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]山西财经大学公共管理学院,山西太原030006 [4]陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心,陕西西安710119 [5]中国科学院,水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2020年第4期870-880,共11页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51679205);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400202)资助。

摘　　要：为探明覆膜滴灌条件下,作物根区土壤水、盐运移规律及其对"土壤-微生物及酶-根系"交互作用的影响,进一步提高水肥利用效率和完善精确灌溉制度,本文以温室番茄为研究对象,采用Field TDR 200对根区土壤水盐运移进行动态监测,研究常规滴灌和覆膜滴灌对水盐运移、根系、土壤微生物及酶活性的影响,分析根区土壤环境因子、土壤微生物及酶、根长密度的交互作用。结果表明:覆膜滴灌土壤水分迁移速率显著低于常规滴灌,水分分布相对均匀,且测定范围内土壤含水率≥灌水下限(22%)土壤面积为常规滴灌5倍(P<0.05);局部盐分聚集速率减小50%,降低局部盐分聚集度;显著提高土壤温度和降低土壤pH;根区表层土壤根长密度为常规滴灌的12.8~28.5倍。这些环境因子的改变,进一步增强"土壤-微生物及酶-根系"交互作用,土壤脲酶活性提高20.83%~30.61%,磷酸酶活性提高76.92%~84.61%。因此,覆膜滴灌比常规滴灌更具水土资源利用效率提升潜力,相关农艺措施需进一步精细和完善,这可为提高干旱区设施农业水土资源利用效率提供支持。To investigate the laws of soil water and salt transport in a crop root zone as well as their effects on soil-microorganism and enzyme-root interactions under film-mulched drip irrigation(FDI),and to further enhance the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization and improve the precision of the irrigation system,a field experiment in a greenhouse was carried out.Tomatoes were taken as the research object and a method of dynamic monitoring in continuous irrigation cycles was used.The effects of conventional drip irrigation(CDI)and FDI on dynamic changes in soil moisture and salt in the tomato root zone,as well as on tomato root growth,soil microorganisms,and enzymes were studied.Further,the interactions among soil environmental factors,soil microorganisms,enzymes,and root growth were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Compared with CDI,the soil water transfer rate under FDI was significantly lower,the soil water distribution was relatively uniform,and the soil area in which the lower limit of soil moisture content(22%)was maintained within the determination range was five times that under CDI(P<0.05).(2)The local salt accumulation rate decreased by 50%and the degree of local salt accumulation decreased under FDI compared with CDI.(3)The root zone soil temperature and p H were significantly increased and decreased by FDI,respectively.(4)The root length density in the surface soil under FDI was 12.8-28.5 times that under CDI.These changes created by FDI further strengthened soil-microorganism and enzyme-root interactions and improved soil urease activity by 20.83%-30.61%and soil phosphatase activity by 76.92%-84.61%compared with CDI.Therefore,compared with CDI,FDI has greater potential to improve the utilization efficiency of water and soil resources.However,relevant agronomic measures of FDI need to be further refined and improved to provide references for further improving water and soil utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：覆膜 滴灌 土壤微生物 土壤酶 根长密度 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学] S153